Characterization of ANFO explosive by high accuracy ESI(±)–FTMS with forensic identification on real samples by EASI(−)–MS

Hernandes, Vinicius Veri; Franco, Marcos Fernado; Santos, Jandyson M.; Melendez‐Perez, Jose J.; Morais, Damila Rodrigues de; Rocha, Wérickson Fortunato de Carvalho; Borges, Rodrigo; Souza, Wanderley de; Zacca, Jorge Jardim; Logrado, Lúcio Paulo Lima; Eberlin, Marcos N.; Correa, Deleon Nascimento

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.01.006

Cited by 28 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…111 Similar to the implementation for peroxide-based explosive detection, Hernandes et al used EASI to detect ANFO (ammonium nitrate-fuel oil) fuel-oxidizer mixtures and rhodamine B-based antitheft device markers directly off of banknotes from simulated and actual ATM explosion thefts (Figure 8). 147 Unique markers from the ANFO were observed in negative mode, specifically, 24 Mg(NO 3 ) 3 − , and confirmed by high resolution ESI-FTMS (Fourier transform mass spectrometry). The magnesium contaminant was attributed to either a common coating used by ammonium nitrate manufacturers to reduce agglomeration or inclusion as a fuel enhancement.…”

Section: Inorganic Explosives and Device Componentsmentioning

confidence: 87%

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Recent advances in ambient mass spectrometry of trace explosives

Forbes

Sisco

2018

Analyst

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Ambient mass spectrometry has evolved rapidly over the past decade, yielding a plethora of platforms and demonstrating scientific advancements across a range of fields from biological imaging to rapid quality control. These techniques have enabled real-time detection of target analytes in an open environment with no sample preparation and can be coupled to any mass analyzer with an atmospheric pressure interface; capabilities of clear interest to the defense, customs and border control, transportation security, and forensic science communities. This review aims to showcase and critically discuss advances in ambient mass spectrometry for the trace detection of explosives.

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Section: Inorganic Explosives and Device Componentsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The magnesium contaminant was attributed to either a common coating used by ammonium nitrate manufacturers to reduce agglomeration or inclusion as a fuel enhancement. 147…”

Section: Inorganic Explosives and Device Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in ambient mass spectrometry of trace explosives

Forbes

Sisco

2018

Analyst

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Taking into account explosive attacks on automatic teller machines (ATMs), Hernandes et al [21] studied the presence of ANFO on banknotes. To designate the diagnostic ions, high-resolution mass spectrometry with two analyzers, ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) and quadrupole ion trap (QIT), was used as the analytical technique.…”

Section: Analysis Of Explosive Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of antipersonnel landmines containing ANFO-based explosive: A review

et al. 2020

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After an internal conflict that lasted over half a century, the detection and removal of antipersonnel landmines in Colombia have become cumbersome challenges. Antipersonnel landmines remain scattered in Colombia and with a considerable impact on the central-western region. Most of these devices are handmade (therefore, they can also be classified as improvised explosive devices) and composed of ammonium nitrate and fossil fuel blend, a mixture known as ANFO. Due to several unique factors, including concealment tactics and non-conventional manufacturing techniques employed by guerrilla fighters, the most efficient method for the detection of ANFO-based antipersonnel landmines is the use of trained canines. This review aims at describing the current chemical strategies used in the detection of ANFO-based antipersonnel landmines. First, a detailed description of the different techniques used in the detection of explosives is made. Then, all the strategies reported in the world for antipersonnel landmines detection are described. Finally, the importance of the use of canines for antipersonnel landmines detection is explained.

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“…In addition, several other ambient ionization approaches have been used to effectively and rapidly analyze explosives, including plasma-based techniques [24][25][26][27][28], laser desorption [29][30][31], and thermal desorption [32,33] in combination with suitable ionization methods, Corona [34] or dielectric barrier discharge [35,36] based ionization, electrospray (ESI) and DESI variants [37][38][39][40] and photoionization [41].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilizing Surface Acoustic Wave Nebulization (SAWN) for the Rapid and Sensitive Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Organic Explosives

Pintabona

Astefanei

Corthals

et al. 2019

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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When considering incident investigations and security checks focused on energetic materials, there is an ongoing need for rapid, onscene chemical identification. Currently applied methods are not capable of meeting all requirements, and hence, portable mass spectrometry is an interesting alternative although many instrumental challenges still exist. To be able to analyze explosives with mass spectrometry outside the traditional laboratory, suitable ambient ionization methods need to be developed. Ideally such methods are also easily implemented in the field requiring limited to no power sources, gas supplies, flow controllers, and heating devices. For this reason, the potential of SAWN (surface acoustic wave nebulization) for the ambient ionization and subsequent mass spectrometric (MS) analysis of organic explosives was investigated in this study. Excellent sensitivity was observed for nitrate-based organic explosives when operating the MS in negative mode. No dominant adduct peaks were observed for the peroxides TATP and HMTD with SAWN-MS in positive mode. The MS spectra indicate extensive fragmentation of the peroxide explosives even under the mild ionization conditions provided by SAWN. The potential of SAWN-MS was demonstrated with the correct identification of nitrate-based organic explosives in pre-and post-explosion case samples in only a fraction of the time and effort required for the regular laboratory analysis. Results show that SAWN-MS can convincingly identify intact organic energetic compounds and mixtures but that sensitivity is not always sufficient to detect traces of explosives in post-explosion residues.

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Characterization of ANFO explosive by high accuracy ESI(±)–FTMS with forensic identification on real samples by EASI(−)–MS

Cited by 28 publications

References 40 publications

Recent advances in ambient mass spectrometry of trace explosives

Recent advances in ambient mass spectrometry of trace explosives

Detection of antipersonnel landmines containing ANFO-based explosive: A review

Utilizing Surface Acoustic Wave Nebulization (SAWN) for the Rapid and Sensitive Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Organic Explosives

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