Characterization of an Iodothyronine 5′-Deiodinase in Gilthead Seabream (<i>Sparus auratus</i>) that Is Inhibited by Dithiothreitol

Klaren, Peter H.M.; Haasdijk, Remco; Metz, Juriaan R.; Nitsch, Lisette M. C.; Darras, Veerle; Geyten, Serge Van der; Flik, G.

doi:10.1210/en.2005-0050

Cited by 41 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Two deiodinases (D1 and D2) can catalyze the essential step (Orozco and Valverde, 2005). The deiodinase genes show a pattern of tissuespecific expression of fish species, such as in seabream (Klaren et al, 2005), in walleye (Picard-Aitken et al, 2007). In the present study, high-level expression of the d1 mRNA was not detected in the brains of rare minnow.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Changes of thyroid hormone levels and related gene expression in Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) during 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole exposure and recovery

Zha

Spear

et al. 2009

Aquatic Toxicology

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a b s t r a c tThyroid hormones (THs) play an important role in the development and metabolism of fish through their influences on genetic transcription and are targets for endocrine disruptive agents in the aquatic environment. Amitrole is a pesticide potentially interfering with thyroid hormone regulation. In this study, the rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) was exposed to different levels of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (amitrole) and allowed to recover in clean water. Plasma TH levels and the expression of TH-related genes, including transthyretin (ttr), deiodinases (d1 and d2), and the thyroid hormone receptor (tr˛) from the livers and brains were evaluated. After exposure, the plasma TH levels did not change. Histopathological observations showed that livers were degenerated at 10,000 ng/l and these damages could be recovered by the withdrawal of amitrole. However, the ttr, d1, and d2 mRNA levels in the livers of males were significantly up-regulated in all exposure groups (p < 0.05). The ttr and d2 mRNA levels were significantly up-regulated at 10,000 ng/l and 10, 100, and 1000 ng/l in the livers of females, respectively (p < 0.05). In the brains of males, a twofold increase of d2 mRNA levels at ≥100 ng/l and a fivefold decrease of tr˛mRNA levels at ≥10 ng/l were observed (p < 0.05), whereas no significant differences were observed in the expression of d2 and tr˛in the brains of females. After a recovery period, the ttr, d1, and d2 mRNA levels in the livers of males returned to control levels, but the tr˛mRNA levels were irreversibly decreased at all treatments (p < 0.05). In addition, the d2 mRNA levels in the livers of females were significantly induced at ≥100 ng/l. Moreover, the d2 mRNA levels in the brains of males and females were up-regulated at 10,000 ng/l. These results indicated that amitrole exposure could result in alternations of ttr, d1, d2, and tr˛gene expression in different tissues of the rare minnow. The expression of these TH-related genes in males was more sensitive to amitrole than those of females. Recovery in clean water was associated with the selective regulation of TH-related gene transcription in the rare minnow. Therefore, these TH-related genes can serve as biomarkers to screen the effects of thyroid disruption chemicals in rare minnow.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Changes of thyroid hormone levels and related gene expression in Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) during 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole exposure and recovery

Zha

Spear

et al. 2009

Aquatic Toxicology

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“…Although no endogenous co-substrate has been identified, dithiothreitol (DTT) is commonly used to activate the enzymes in vitro. Both gilthead seabream kidney (Klaren et al 2005) and killifish gill (Orozco et al 2000) D1s have been shown to be inhibited by DTT. This kinetic characteristic seems be tissue specific.…”

Section: Biochemical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iodothyronine deiodinases: a functional and evolutionary perspective

Orozco¹,

Valverde-R²,

Olverá³

et al. 2012

Journal of Endocrinology

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From an evolutionary perspective, deiodinases may be considered pivotal players in the emergence and functional diversification of both thyroidal systems (TS) and their iodinated messengers. To better understand the evolutionary pathway and the concomitant functional diversification of vertebrate deiodinases, in the present review we summarized the highlights of the available information regarding this ubiquitous enzymatic component that represents the final, common physiological link of TS. The information reviewed here suggests that deiodination of tyrosine metabolites is an ancient feature of all chordates studied to date and consequently, that it precedes the integration of the TS that characterize vertebrates. Phylogenetic analysis presented here points to D1 as the oldest vertebrate deiodinase and to D2 as the most recent deiodinase gene, a hypothesis that agrees with the notion that D2 is the most specialized and finely regulated member of the family and plays a key role in vertebrate neurogenesis. Thus, deiodinases seem to be major participants in the evolution and functional expansion of the complex regulatory network of TS found in vertebrates.

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“…ORD activities were assayed following the method described by Klaren et al (2005). We used reverse T 3 (rT 3 , 3,3 0 ,5 0 -triiodothyronine) and T 4 as the preferred substrates for 5 0 -deiodinases (Mol et al 1998).…”

Section: Ord Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of cortisol and thyroid hormone on peripheral outer ring deiodination and osmoregulatory parameters in the Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis)

Arjona¹,

Vargas‐Chacoff²,

Río³

et al. 2011

Journal of Endocrinology

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The thyroid gland in fish mainly secretes the thyroid prohormone 3,5,3 0 ,5 0 -tetraiodothyronine (T 4 ), and extrathyroidal outer ring deiodination (ORD) of the prohormone to 3,5,3 0 -triiodothyronine (T 3 ) is pivotal in thyroid hormone economy. Despite its importance in thyroid hormone metabolism, factors that regulate ORD are still largely unresolved in fish. In addition, the osmoregulatory role of T 3 is still a controversial issue in teleosts. In this study, we investigated the regulation of the ORD pathway by cortisol and T 3 in different organs (liver, kidney, and gills) of Solea senegalensis and the involvement of T 3 in the control of branchial and renal Na C , K C -ATPase activity, a prime determinant of the hydromineral balance in teleosts. Animals were treated with i.p. slow-release coconut oil implants containing cortisol or T 3 . Hepatic and renal ORD activities were up-regulated in cortisol-injected animals. T 3 -treated fish showed a prominent decrease in plasma-free T 4 levels, whereas ORD activities did not change significantly. Branchial and renal Na C , K C -ATPase activities were virtually unaffected by T 3 , but were transiently up-regulated by cortisol. We conclude that cortisol regulates local T 3 bioavailability in S. senegalensis via ORD in an organ-specific manner. Unlike T 3 , cortisol appears to be directly implicated in the up-regulation of branchial and renal Na

show abstract

Characterization of an Iodothyronine 5′-Deiodinase in Gilthead Seabream (Sparus auratus) that Is Inhibited by Dithiothreitol

Cited by 41 publications

References 49 publications

Changes of thyroid hormone levels and related gene expression in Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) during 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole exposure and recovery

Changes of thyroid hormone levels and related gene expression in Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) during 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole exposure and recovery

Iodothyronine deiodinases: a functional and evolutionary perspective

Effects of cortisol and thyroid hormone on peripheral outer ring deiodination and osmoregulatory parameters in the Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis)

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