Characterization of an endogenous cryogen that appears in the urine

Cox, Penelope; Rothenburg, B. A.; Kluger, Matthew J.

doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1982.243.3.r241

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Taken together, in some cases animals respond to various types of hypoxia with anapyrexia, and some toxic compounds or excess doses of certain substances can work as exogenous cryogens by producing hypoxic conditions. Different from the reports of xenobiotic cryogens, there are only a few reports that show existence of endogenous cryogens in humans [18,19] and animals [20]. In early 1980s, Kluger's group has suggested that in humans and rabbits, there is an endogenously produced cryogenic substance normally excreted in an active form by the kidneys [19].…”

Section: Known Exogenous and Endogenous Cryogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In early 1980s, Kluger's group has suggested that in humans and rabbits, there is an endogenously produced cryogenic substance normally excreted in an active form by the kidneys [19]. They then have reported that the substance was functionally destroyed by heating to 97 and its molecular size was approximately 39 kD [18]. Thus, the particular cryogen may be peptide substance physiologically produced in mammals.…”

Section: Known Exogenous and Endogenous Cryogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Possible Human Endogenous Cryogens

Shido¹,

Sugimoto²

2011

CPPS

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Anapyrexia, which is a regulated fall in core temperature, is beneficial for animals and humans when the oxygen supply is limited, e.g., hypoxic, ischemic, or histotoxic hypoxia, since at low body temperature the tissues require less oxygen due to Q(10). Besides hypoxia, anapyrexia can be induced various exogenous and endogenous substances, named cryogens. However, there are only a few reports investigating endogenous cryogens in mammals. We have experienced one patient who suffered from severe hypothermia. The patient seemed to be excessively producing endogenous peptidergic cryogenic substances the molecular weight of which may be greater than 30 kDa. In animal studies, the patient's cryogen appeared to affect metabolic functions, including thermogenic threshold temperatures, and then to produce hypothermia. Since endogenous cryogenic substances may be regarded as useful tool in human activities, e.g., during brain hypothermia therapy or staying in a space station or spaceship, further studies may be needed to identify human endogenous cryogens.

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Section: Known Exogenous and Endogenous Cryogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Known Exogenous and Endogenous Cryogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible Human Endogenous Cryogens

Shido¹,

Sugimoto²

2011

CPPS

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“…kDa. However, Cox et al [15] have shown that the molecular size of cryogen existing in the urine of healthy male humans was approximately 39 kDa. Since then there have been no available data for the characteristics of the urinary cryogen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apparently the patient was exposed to no toxic chemicals. Besides the existence of xenobiotic cryogens, there are several reports that show an existence of endogenous cryogens in humans [14,15] and animals [16]. Although the investigation of these cryogens has been quite limited, an excessive production of certain cryogenic substances in the patient might be taken into consideration as a cause of hypothermia.…”

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confidence: 99%

Endogenous Cryogens Existing in the Blood of a Hypothermic Patient

Shido

Sugimoto

Imoto

et al. 2004

JJP

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tions except hypothermia-associated symptoms such as bradycardia, hypotension and slow body movement. In the laboratory data, however, there were some abnormal findings, e.g., slight increases in plasma levels of the BUN, electrolytes (Na and Cl), and energy substrates (total cholesterol, triglyceride, and blood sugar). The hematological changes were judged to be induced by hemoconcentration or hypometabolism associated with hypothermia. The plasma levels of TSH and some liver enzymes (GOT, GPT, and LDH) were slightly increased, indicating the possibility of hypothyroidism. However, plasma concentrations of free thyroxin and free triiodothyronine were within normal ranges; furthermore, l-thyroxin replacement therapy did not improve hypothermia. There were no other abnormal findings, e.g., in pituitary function tests or in magnetic resonance imaging studies of the head, especially in the hypothalamo-pituitary region. So even though we performed various physical, psy- Abstract:We treated a young female patient who suffered from severe hypothermia. The etiology of the hypothermia was not identified, though various medical examinations were performed. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of the patient's serum produced a significant and profound hypothermia in rats that was not associated with circulatory shock. The patient's serum was separated into 4 fractions by the use of various types of centrifugal filtration units according to molecular weights (MW), i.e., below 10 kDa, 10-30 kDa, 30-100 kDa, and beyond 100 kDa. The first two fractions never induced hypothermia in rats, but the i.p. injections of the fraction with MW from 30 to 100 kDa consistently produced hypothermia. The fraction with MW beyond 100 kDa caused marked hypothermia in one out of 3 rats tested. The results suggest that the patient was excessively producing endogenous cryogenic substances of which MW may be greater than 30 kDa.

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Thermoregulatory responses in mice following acute administration of principal nitrogenous excretory substances

Gordon¹

1988

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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Characterization of an endogenous cryogen that appears in the urine

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Possible Human Endogenous Cryogens

Possible Human Endogenous Cryogens

Endogenous Cryogens Existing in the Blood of a Hypothermic Patient

Thermoregulatory responses in mice following acute administration of principal nitrogenous excretory substances

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