Characterization of an atmospheric pressure plasma generated by a plasma torch array

Abstract

Based on a capacitively coupled electrical discharge scheme, it is demonstrated that an array of plasma torches can be lit up simultaneously to form a dense plasma layer in the open air by a single ac power source. The number of torches is only limited by the power handling capability of the source. The measured v–i characteristic of the discharge indicates that the torch is operating in the diffuse arc mode. Experiments have been performed to explore the effect of the plasma torches on the propagation of microwaves in an X-band rectangular waveguide by passing the plasma of the torches through holes in the top and bottom walls of the waveguide. The results show that the plasma torches can effectively attenuate microwaves. The wave–plasma interaction process is also analyzed numerically. The plasma parameters deduced from the theoretical model, by matching the numerical results with those of experiments, are shown to agree well with the experimental measurements.

A review of plasma–liquid interactions for nanomaterial synthesis

“…For large-scale production of NMs from the PLIs, the plasma area should be increased. The recently developed plasma arrays [22,[319][320][321][322][323][324] might be a good choice since the plasma area is much increased by integrating many microplasmas into one array. We can also use other large-area atmospheric-pressure plasmas [325][326][327][328][329][330][331][332][333] which are based on different designs.…”

Absorption of Microwaves in Low Intensity Eucalyptus Litter Fire

“…Comparatively, the electron densities were lower than those produced from non vegetation fuel flames with much higher temperatures e.g. Belcher et al [3] and Koretzky et al [22]. Electron concentration in the flame depends on the type of fuel used as well as its temperature because it is this combination that produces ionisable particles.…”

Microwave attenuation in forest fuel flames

“…The theory of electromagnetic wave propagation in weakly ionised plasma given in Koretzky et al [35] and Akhtar et al [34] predicts attenuation index in the range of 35.7-33.6 dB m −1 for the HF-UHF frequency band when mean values of the measured collision frequency and electron density are used. This implies that a UHF signal caused to propagate along the fire-fuel interface of a very intense ionised fire may be strongly attenuated.…”