Characterization of alcohol dehydrogenase in young soybean seedlings

Brzeziński, Ryszard; Talbot, Brian G.; Brown, Douglas; Klimuszko, D.; Blakeley, Stephen D.; Thirion, Jean‐Paul

doi:10.1007/bf00498999

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The disagreement between the two data sets may be due to the lines used or to other unrecognized factors. Both our study and that of Brzezinski et al (1) find a single isozyme band on activity gels (Fig. 1 B), implying that there is only one ADH gene in soybean.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…1), similar to the induction level seen in maize (10). Brzezinski et al (1) did their studies on the 'Prize' variety and reported that while ADH activity was induced by the synthetic auxin, 2,4-D, it was not induced by anoxia. The disagreement between the two data sets may be due to the lines used or to other unrecognized factors.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…12), ADH is considered essential for anoxia survival, presumably because it recycles NAD+ for continued glycolysis in the absence of oxygen. To date, soybean is the only plant reported to have no anoxic induction of ADH (1).…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Anaerobic Response of Soybean

Russell¹,

Wong²,

Sachs³

1990

Plant Physiol.

110

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The effect of anoxia on roots of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr., variety 'Williams') was studied at various levels and the results compared to those from previously studied species. While alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity is induced in a manner similar to other plant species, other aspects of the anaerobic response are unique to soybean. assure survival when anoxia prevents mitochondrial activity. Studies at the molecular level have helped define the mechanism of the anaerobic induction of these genes. Lin and Key (15) reported that polysomes exhibit rapid dissociation during anaerobic treatment of soybean. This pioneering study on the effect of anoxia on translation in plants was followed by studies in maize which led to the conclusion that anoxia induces the transcription and accumulation of a new set of mRNAs. Although pre-stress mRNAs are generally still present, only genes that show an increase in transcript accumulation during anoxia are translated, yielding the ANPs. Among the -20 ANPs of maize is ADH (23) as well as other enzymes related to glycolysis such as sucrose synthase (25), phosphoglucoisomerase, aldolase, and pyruvate decarboxylase (cf 6).The present study was undertaken to determine if translation is selectively altered in anaerobically treated soybean seedlings, rather than the observed destruction of polysomes (15) being solely the result of a nonselective reduction in protein synthesis. Additionally, molecular clones related to anaerobically induced mRNAs of maize were used as probes to determine if there is a pattern of mRNA accumulation in soybean similar to that seen in anaerobically treated maize (6,23,25). Our results show that anoxic treatment of soybean seedlings induces the accumulation of ADH mRNA, selective synthesis of ADH protein, and accumulation of enzyme activity. In contrast to maize, the pattern of anaerobic protein synthesis is simpler in soybean and may be at least partially explained by the lack of mRNA accumulation for other genes related to glycolysis. We also compare the flood tolerance of maize and soybean seedlings, and find soybean to be more sensitive to flooding, which may be a result of its simpler molecular response to anaerobic stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seed GerminationSeeds of soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 57%

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The Anaerobic Response of Soybean

Russell¹,

Wong²,

Sachs³

1990

Plant Physiol.

110

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“…Although soybean alcohol dehydrogenase has been examined previously (Brzezinski et al, 1986;Kimmerer, 1987;Matoba et al, 1989;Tihanyi et al, 1989), these workers examined neither 1-penten-3-ol, 2(Z)-penten-1-ol, nor 2(E)-hexen-1-ol as substrate. Tihanyi et al (1989) did not achieve separation of alcohol dehydrogenase isozymes by DEAE-Sephacel chromatography, but they separated four isozymes by isoelectric focusing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymic Pathway to Ethyl Vinyl Ketone and 2-Pentenal in Soybean Preparations

Gardner

Grove

Salch

1996

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Previous work by this laboratory showed that under anaerobic conditions and the presence of a polyunsaturated fatty acid, soybean (Glycine max L.) lipoxygenase isoenzymes converted a lipoxygenase-catalyzed oxidation product of linolenic acid, 13(S)-hydroperoxy-9(Z),11(E),15(Z)-octadecatrienoic acid, into 1-penten-3-ol, 2(Z)-penten-1-ol, and 13-oxo-9(Z),11(E)-tridecadienoic acid. It seemed plausible that the “raw bean odor”, ethyl vinyl ketone, previously isolated from soybean homogenates by other workers could arise from oxidation of 1-penten-3-ol by alcohol dehydrogenase. It is shown here that both ethyl vinyl ketone and 2-pentenal are produced by a soybean preparation after anaerobic incubation with 13(S)-hydroperoxy-9(Z),11(E),15(Z)-octadecatrienoic acid and linolenic acid and that NAD+ stimulated the formation of 2-pentenal. In the presence of NAD+, two separable isoenzymes of soybean alcohol dehydrogenase were capable of utilizing as substrates both 1-penten-3-ol and 2(Z)-penten-1-ol, as well as (2E)-hexen-1-ol. In terms of substrate preference indicated by K m, the order was 2(E)-hexen-1-ol > 2(Z)-penten-1-ol > 1-penten-3-ol. Because ethyl vinyl ketone formed in the presence of only 13(S)-hydroperoxy-9(Z),11(E),15(Z)-octadecatrienoic acid and linolenic acid in the absence of NAD+, another pathway also seemed possible. Keywords: Lipoxygenase; 1-penten-3-ol; 2(Z)-penten-1-ol; alcohol dehydrogenase; ethyl vinyl ketone; 2-pentenal; linolenic acid; hydroperoxide; flavor

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“…The number of soybean Adh genes has not been determined. A single ADH isozyme band was reported from soybean roots (1,15,22). Gorman and Kiang (11) screened 113 soybean genotypes for variants in ADH zymograms and reported that seeds of 86% of the genotypes tested had seven-band zymograms, 10% of the genotypes had five-band zymograms, and 4% had four-band zymograms.…”

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confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of the Soybean Alcohol Dehydrogenase Gene Family Amplified in Vitro by the Polymerase Chain Reaction

Newman¹,

VanToai²

1992

Plant Physiol.

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Soybean (Glycine max) alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) cDNAs were amplified in vitro from total RNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The amplification strategy involved first strand cDNA synthesis from anaerobic cotyledon total RNA using an 18-thymidine primer. The second strand cDNA primer was a conserved sequence near the 5' end of known plant ADH transcripts. The PCR products were ligated into a plasmid vector and unique clones were isolated on the basis of size and restriction pattern. Sequence analysis revealed three distinct classes of soybean ADH cDNAs, all of which showed high homology to Adh genes from maize and peas. RNA blot hybridization analyses showed differential expression patterns for these genes. One gene, expressed constitutively in all seedling organs, was inducible by anaerobiosis, one gene was expressed only in anaerobic organs, and the third gene was expressed predominantly in anaerobic roots.

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Characterization of alcohol dehydrogenase in young soybean seedlings

Cited by 16 publications

References 30 publications

The Anaerobic Response of Soybean

The Anaerobic Response of Soybean

Enzymic Pathway to Ethyl Vinyl Ketone and 2-Pentenal in Soybean Preparations

Molecular Characterization of the Soybean Alcohol Dehydrogenase Gene Family Amplified in Vitro by the Polymerase Chain Reaction

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