Characterization of Airborne Particles Collected from Car Engine Air Filters Using SEM and EDX Techniques

Rivera, Birmania Heredia; Rodriguez, Martín Gerardo

doi:10.3390/ijerph13100985

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Based on the morphology and the chemical characteristics of these particle conglomerates, it is probable that this group of particles is associated with the crustal material from soil resuspension. Aluminosilicate agglomerates similar to those observed herein have been reported by Heredia and Rodriguez (2016) in a study conducted in Aguascalientes, Mexico [ 64 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Sequential SEM-EDS, PLM, and MRS Microanalysis of Individual Atmospheric Particles: A Useful Tool for Assigning Emission Sources

Rodríguez

González

Mancilla

et al. 2021

Toxics

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In this work, the particulate matter (PM) from three different monitoring stations in the Monterrey Metropolitan Area in Mexico were investigated for their compositional, morphological, and optical properties. The main aim of the research was to decipher the different sources of the particles. The methodology involved the ex situ sequential analysis of individual particles by three analytical techniques: scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), polarized light microscopy (PLM), and micro-Raman spectroscopy (MRS). The microanalysis was performed on samples of total suspended particles. Different morphologies were observed for particles rich in the same element, including prismatic, spherical, spheroidal, and irregular morphologies. The sequential microanalysis by SEM-EDS/PLM/MRS revealed that Fe-rich particles with spherical and irregular morphologies were derived from anthopogenic sources, such as emissions from the metallurgical industry and the wear of automobile parts, respectively. In contrast, Fe-rich particles with prismatic morphologies were associated with natural sources. In relation to carbon (C), the methodology was able to distinguish between the C-rich particles that came from different anthopogenic sources—such as the burning of fossil fuels, biomass, or charcoal—and the metallurgical industry. The optical properties of the Si-rich particles depended, to a greater extent, on their chemical composition than on their morphology, which made it possible to quickly and accurately differentiate aluminosilicates from quartz. The methodology demonstrated in this study was useful for performing the speciation of the particles rich in different elements. This differentiation helped to assign their possible emission sources.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Sequential SEM-EDS, PLM, and MRS Microanalysis of Individual Atmospheric Particles: A Useful Tool for Assigning Emission Sources

Rodríguez

González

Mancilla

et al. 2021

Toxics

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“…Studies based on the sampling of CAFs to measure air quality have focused on the monitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated dibenzo-pdioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and some heavy metals in PM 10-2.5 . However, the analysis of the coarse and large PM found in the CAFs has only been reported by Heredia-Rivera and Rodriguez (2016). In this previous work, the presence of PM of biological and inorganic origin in the air of the Mexican city of Aguascalientes was also reported.…”

Section: Particles Retained By Cafsmentioning

confidence: 89%

A study of dust airborne particles collected by vehicular traffic from the atmosphere of southern megalopolis Mexico City

et al. 2019

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This study was made to assess airborne dust by sampling particles trapped in car air filters (CAFs) of Mexico City. The CAFs dust was analyzed by optical microscopy and SEM-EDX. The optical microscopy revealed that the dust contains organic matter; insect and plant debris and inorganic matter; quartz sand, plastics and polystyrene. This material was classified in different sizes (from 10 µm to 76 µm). Particulate matter (PM) trapped within the filter fiber arrangements were observed by SEM-EDX. PM of Mexico City was characterized as mainly agglomerated particles and fine particles. Agglomerates were mechanically disintegrated and main components were determined finding elements such as C, O, Si, Al, Ca and Fe. An impaction test was implemented to have insights into how agglomerates probably hit the filter surface, disintegrate and reintegrate other agglomerates. Pollen particles were frequently associated with agglomerated PM; its composition was analyzed, finding Pt on its surface among others. Likewise, the insect debris presented plenty of PM adhered to its surface. This work validates that CAFs are a simple, cheap and adequate sampling approach for further urban air quality evaluations.

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“…The road surface may contain salt used for de-icing roads, plant fragments, pollen, animal hair and mold, and other biological materials carried from nearby locations [7,8]. The author of this paper [9] conducted an analysis of the contaminants retained on the filter. The contaminant particles varied greatly in size, shape, and chemical composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inorganic particles and synthetic fibers were also found. Analysis of dust particles retained on the filter showed that the most abundant elements found in large irregular particles were C, O, Si, Al, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Ti, Fe, and Si [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on the Effect of Inlet Air Pollution on the Engine Component Wear and Operation

Dziubak

2022

Energies

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This paper systematically reviews the research progress in the field of the influence of air pollutants in the engine inlet on the accelerated wear of the elements of the association: piston, piston rings, cylinder liner (P-PR-CL), and plain bearing (journal–panel). It was shown at the outset that the primary component of air pollution is road dust. Its main components are dust grains of hard minerals (SiO2, Al2O3), which penetrate the oil film area between two frictionally mating surfaces causing their abrasive wear. Therefore, the effect of three dust parameters (grain size and hardness, and dust concentration in air) on the accelerated wear of the friction pair: piston, piston rings, cylinder liner(P-PR-CL), and plain bearing (journal–pan) is presented extensively. It was noted that the wear values of the same component were obtained by different researchers using different testing techniques and evaluated by different indices. It has been shown that the greatest wear of two frictionally cooperating surfaces is caused by dust grains with sizes equal to the thickness of the oil film at a given moment, which in typical combustion engine associations assumes varied and variable values in the range of 0–50 µm. The oil film thickness between the upper ring and the cylinder liner varies and depends on the crankshaft rotation angle, engine speed and load, and oil viscosity, and takes values less than 10 µm. It was shown that the maximum wear of the cylinder liner, resulting from the cooperation with the piston rings, occurs in the top dead centre (TDC) area and results from unfavorable (high temperature, low piston speed) operating conditions of these elements. From the extensive literature data cited, it follows that abrasive wear is caused by dust grains of specific dimensions, most often 5–20 µm, the greater the wear the greater the hardness of the grains and the sulfur content of the fuel. At the same time, it was shown that the main bearing, crankshaft bearing, and oil ring experienced maximum wear by a different range of particle size, respectively: 20–40, 5–10, and 20–80 μm. It was shown that the mass of dust that enters the engine cylinders and thus the wear of the components is determined by the concentration of dust, the value of which is definitely reduced by the air filter. However, it was pointed out that the low initial filtration efficiency and the presence of large dust grains in the purified air in the initial period of the filter operation (after replacement of the filter element with a new one) may have an impact on the accelerated wear of mainly (P-PR-CL) association. The next stage of the paper presents the effects of excessive wear of the cylinder liner and piston rings of the engine, resulting from actual vehicle operation and bench tests on the decrease in compression pressure and engine power, increase in the intensity of exhaust gas blow-by into the oil sump and increase in oil consumption and exhaust gas toxicity. This paper addresses the current problem of the effect of engine inlet air contaminants on the performance of the air flow meter, which is an essential sensor of the modern internal combustion engine. The phenomenon of deposition of contaminants (mineral dust, salt, carbon deposit, and moisture) on the measuring element (wire or layer anemometer) of the air flow meter has been analyzed. The empirical results presented show that the mineral dust layer on the measuring element of the air flow meter causes a 17.9% reduction in output voltage, and the dust and oil layer causes a 46.7% reduction in output voltage. This affects the decrease in engine power and exhaust toxicity.

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Characterization of Airborne Particles Collected from Car Engine Air Filters Using SEM and EDX Techniques

Cited by 14 publications

References 46 publications

Sequential SEM-EDS, PLM, and MRS Microanalysis of Individual Atmospheric Particles: A Useful Tool for Assigning Emission Sources

Sequential SEM-EDS, PLM, and MRS Microanalysis of Individual Atmospheric Particles: A Useful Tool for Assigning Emission Sources

A study of dust airborne particles collected by vehicular traffic from the atmosphere of southern megalopolis Mexico City

A Study on the Effect of Inlet Air Pollution on the Engine Component Wear and Operation

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