Characterization of a unique copper resistance gene cluster in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris isolated in Trinidad, West Indies

Behlau, Franklin; Gochez, Alberto Martin; Lugo, Alshia J.; Elibox, Winston; Minsavage, Gerald V.; Potnis, Neha; White, Frank F.; Ebrahim, Mohamed; Jones, Jeffrey B.; Ramsubhag, Adesh

doi:10.1007/s10658-016-1035-2

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Xanthomonas isolates showed resistant in a high percentage (79%) to the commercial clinical antibiotics tested (14). Similarly, studies with metallic salts showed resistance to 50% of the salts tested (10), which is also a fact worthy of attention because many of the pesticides used in agriculture are based on this type of compound.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The patient's fever was abated after treatment with erythromycin and chloramphenico. 6 Contrary to statements from the FESA report, 5 there are numerous papers related to acquisition of antimicrobial resistance by X. campestris [7][8][9][10] including the pioneer work to identify the bacteria infecting tomato reporting that it is extraordinarily resistant to copper sulphate. 2 Due to the historical controversy about of the bacterial resistance acquisition mechanisms, 11 this work was carried out to biochemically characterize local Xanthomonas campestris strains, isolated from natural environments and character-ized, and then ascertain their resistances of to some commonly used commercial antibiotics as well as to some metallic salts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization and determination of antimicrobial and metal resistant profiles of Xanthomonas strains isolated from natural environments

Velásquez¹,

Rojas²,

Pena³

et al. 2019

JAPLR

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Morphological studies of bacterial strains Micromorphological study: Consisted in evaluation of cell motility and shape by observation under the optical microscope and determination of the biochemical nature of the bacterial wall (Gram staining). 12 Macromorphological study: The macroscopic characteristics of the colonies such as color, shape, texture and appearance, as well as the production of pigments, were observed after 24 hours of incubation of isolates cultured on brain heart infusion (BHI) agar at 30°C. 13 Biochemical characterization A preliminary taxonomic location at the group or family level was performed using the following biochemical tests: Hugh and Leifson medium, nitrate reduction, MIO (Motility, Indol, Ornithine), oxidase test, MacConkey Agar, and urea hydrolysis, according to procedures previously described. 12-14

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and determination of antimicrobial and metal resistant profiles of Xanthomonas strains isolated from natural environments

Velásquez¹,

Rojas²,

Pena³

et al. 2019

JAPLR

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“…Both gene groups have been shown to be responsive to copper; however, coh genes are not responsible for copper resistance, but are probably necessary for homeostasis or copper metabolism (Behlau et al, 2011;Hsiao et al, 2011;Teixeira et al, 2008). Although Cu R Xanthomonas strains grow on MGY agar amended with copper sulfate at 400 mg/L, Cu S strains can continue to grow only up to copper concentrations of 75-150 mg/L (Behlau et al, 2012a(Behlau et al, , 2013(Behlau et al, , 2017a. More recently, copper tolerant (Cu T ) strains of Xanthomonas have been identified.…”

Section: Management Of CCmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in the understanding of Xanthomonas citri ssp. citri pathogenesis and citrus canker disease management

Ference

Gochez²,

Behlau

et al. 2018

Molecular Plant Pathology

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Taxonomic status: Bacteria; Phylum Proteobacteria; Class Gammaproteobacteria; Order Xanthomonadales; Family Xanthomonadaceae; Genus Xanthomonas; Species Xanthomonas citri ssp. citri (Xcc). Host range: Compatible hosts vary in their susceptibility to citrus canker (CC), with grapefruit, lime and lemon being the most susceptible, sweet orange being moderately susceptible, and kumquat and calamondin being amongst the least susceptible. Microbiological properties: Xcc is a rod-shaped (1.5-2.0 × 0.5-0.75 µm), Gram-negative, aerobic bacterium with a single polar flagellum. The bacterium forms yellow colonies on culture media as a result of the production of xanthomonadin. Distribution: Present in South America, the British Virgin Islands, Africa, the Middle East, India, Asia and the South Pacific islands. Localized incidence in the USA, Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Uruguay, Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Tanzania, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Yemen and Bangladesh. Widespread throughout Paraguay, Comoros, China, Japan, Malaysia and Vietnam. Eradicated from South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. Absent from Europe.

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“…juglandis (Lee et al ., ; Behlau et al ., ), X. alfalfae subsp. citrumelonis (Behlau et al ., ) and X. citri (Behlau et al ., , 2017a; Richard et al ., ). In most of these cases, the resistance genes encode proteins that bind copper ions and make them unavailable to the bacteria through the accumulation of ions in the periplasm (Voloudakis et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Description of copper tolerant Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri and genotypic comparison with sensitive and resistant strains

et al. 2019

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The copper-based products widely used for control of citrus canker may lead to the development of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (X. citri) resistant to copper (Cu R ). However, the study of copper sensitivity of X. citri strains from Paran a state, Brazil, did not reveal the existence of Cu R , but copper tolerant (Cu T ) strains. The aim of this study was to describe for the first time the existence of Cu T X. citri and compare the genetic determinants that differentiate the Cu T strains from the sensitive (Cu S ) and Cu R strains. Cu T strains supported intermediate concentrations of copper in comparison to Cu S and Cu R . Cu T strains lack the gene clusters copLAB or copABCD responsible for copper resistance in Cu R strains and the large plasmids (c. ≥200 kb) that normally carry these genes. The nucleotide sequences of chromosomal homologous genes cohLAB, involved in copper homeostasis, were 100% similar in strains of all phenotypes. Cu T strains differed from Cu S strains by the higher expression of the homologous chromosomal genes cohA and cohB in the presence of copper. Cu T X. citri strains are not precursors of Cu R strains and do not pose a threat to the efficient use of copper-based bactericides for management of citrus canker in citrus orchards. Copper resistance and tolerance are distinct phenotypes and should not be used as synonyms. The proper characterization of the sensitivity to copper leads to a more confident monitoring of the distribution of copper resistant populations of X. citri and adoption of containment measures only when necessary.

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Characterization of a unique copper resistance gene cluster in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris isolated in Trinidad, West Indies

Cited by 22 publications

References 45 publications

Characterization and determination of antimicrobial and metal resistant profiles of Xanthomonas strains isolated from natural environments

Characterization and determination of antimicrobial and metal resistant profiles of Xanthomonas strains isolated from natural environments

Recent advances in the understanding of Xanthomonas citri ssp. citri pathogenesis and citrus canker disease management

Description of copper tolerant Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri and genotypic comparison with sensitive and resistant strains

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