Characterization of a species-specific repetitive DNA from a highly endangered wild animal, Rhinoceros unicornis, and assessment of genetic polymorphism by microsatellite associated sequence amplification (MASA)

Ali, Sher; Azfer, Md. Asim; Bashamboo, Anu; Mathur, Pankaj; Malik, P. K.; Mathur, Vinod Behari; Raha, Atanu Kumar; Ansari, Shehnaz

doi:10.1016/s0378-1119(99)00015-3

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Hybridizations, posthybridization washings, and autoradiography were done following standard procedures (Bashamboo et al, 2003). The molecular size of the bands was estimated on an optically enhanced, precalibrated densitometer (420oe), using Diversity One software, version 1.6 (PDI, Inc., New York, NY) at a resolution of 169 microns, as reported earlier (Ali et al, 1999).…”

Section: Agarose Gel Electrophoresis and Southern Blot Hybridizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organizational Variation of DYZ1 Repeat Sequences on the Human Y Chromosome and Its Diagnostic Potentials

Rahman

Bashamboo

Prasad

et al. 2004

DNA and Cell Biology

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The long arm of the human Y chromosome is flecked with various fractions of repetitive DNA. DYZ1 is one such fraction, which is organized tandemly as an array of a 3.4-kb repeat ranging from 2000-4000 copies in normal males. We have studied the organizational variation of the DYZ1 fraction on the human Y chromosome using DNA samples from CEPH family members and the random population employing the RFLP approach, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and conducted a similarity search with GenBank sequences. Typing of genomic DNA using DYZ1 as a probe showed an allele length and copy number variations even between two male siblings. Hybridization of DNA from monochromosome hybrids with this probe showed its presence on chromosome 15 in addition to the Y chromosome. Fluorescence in situ hybridization of metaphase chromosomes from an apparently normal male showed DYZ1 sequences in the proximal region of chromosome 11 in addition to the long arm of the Y chromosome. Typing of sets of semen and blood DNA samples from the same human individuals showed discernible allelic variation between the two samples, indicating tissue-specific programmed sequence modulation. DYZ1 seems to be the first probe having the unique potential to discriminate unequivocally the difference between the DNA originating from semen and blood samples, and may be exploited in forensic cases. This probe may also be used as a diagnostic tool to ascertain Y chromosome mosaicism in patients (e.g., Turner), its aberrant status in somatic cells, and possible sequence modulation/rearrangement in the germline samples. Additionally, this can be used to uncover sequence polymorphism in the human population.

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Section: Agarose Gel Electrophoresis and Southern Blot Hybridizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organizational Variation of DYZ1 Repeat Sequences on the Human Y Chromosome and Its Diagnostic Potentials

Rahman

Bashamboo

Prasad

et al. 2004

DNA and Cell Biology

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“…1,3,7,16,18 These studies reveal that the Rhinoceros horn is epidermal derivatives composed have keratinized tubules of cells embedded in keratinized amorphous matrix. 19 Reported that the tubules comprise of ~ 40 lamellae of epithelial cells and range from 300-500 µm in diameter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 Presently, the Indian rhinoceros, which is distributed in few pockets of India, Bhutan and Nepal, are estimated to be approximately 2000 out of which India has approximately 1500 Indian rhinoceros, confined to few areas of Assam (Kaziranga, Orang, Loakhawa & Pobitora), W. Bengal (Jaldapara & Gorumara) and Uttar Pradesh (Dudhwa). 1,[5][6][7] The prime cause of poaching is due to illegal trade of rhinoceros horns for its high price for traditional uses in medicines to cure fever, which does not have any other medicines, sculptors and dagger handles and thus highly prized. 1,8,9 Rhinoceros horn has been used as medicine in China, Burma, Thailand and Nepal in the treatment of haemorrhoids, arthritis, lumbago and polio.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[26][27][28] whereas few authors have used molecular techniques to identify rhino horn, has also examined rhinoceros horn under scanning electron microscope, he has noted the dorsal surface structure of rhinoceros horn. 7,8 Studied the genetic characteristic of South African populations of black rhinoceros, and significantly differentiate between populations. 29 Report that Rhinoceros unicornis has 82 chromosomes, with male being heterogametic and female being homogametic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…He revealed that the AT rich contig pSS(R)2 sequences are unique to Rhinoceros unicornis genome because they do not cross-hybridize, even with the genomic DNA of South African black rhino Diceros bicornis and can be potentially used for identification of horn or other body tissues of Rhinoceros unicornis. 7 Developed a method to distinguishing between the African rhinoceros horns and those from various domestic and wild bovid species through extraction of DNA remaining in horn, amplification and direct sequencing of a portion of the mitochondrial Cytochrome b gene and comparing the sequence with a database of representative rhinoceros and bovid species. 31 The above literature review shows that informative scientific studies have been done for identification of rhinoceros horn but most of them are on African species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scanning electron microscopy: a potential forensic tool to identify a piece of rhinoceros horn

Singh¹,

Saini

Goyal

2017

Int J Sci Rep

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Background: Illegal trade of rhinoceros horn in the global market has posed a serious threat to the long-term survival and the conservation of endangered one horn rhinoceros. Presence of fake horns imitating rhinoceros horn makes the situation graver. Thus, to curb the trade it is very important to scientifically identify the horns used in trade to support and strengthen the enforcement agencies. The presence of fake items makes the identification task much more difficult thus, a project entitled “Characterization of species from bone, tusk, rhino horn and antler to deal wildlife offence cases” was developed to identify rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) horn in complete to pulverized form.Methods: Various bio-scientific techniques like morphological, analytical and molecular were applied to identify the rhinoceros horn. Most of these techniques are promising in identifying rhinoceros horn in different forms. In present paper, we discuss on identification of a piece of rhinoceros horn using Scanning Electron Microscope and total nine horns were examined. The required micrographs were saved using software Digital Image Scanning System (DISS 5, Point Electronics, Germany). Scanned images for both rhinoceros horn from wild and zoo were similar. To find the specific signature, the micrographs of the rhinoceros horn were compared with buffalo and fake horns. Results: Differences were noted on both dorsal and ventral surfaces of rhinoceros horns examined under scanning electron microscope. On ventral surface numerous uniformly placed circular pores with mean diameter of 320 µm and had characteristic “sub pores within a pore”. Instead, in fake horn only few non-uniform pores were visible without any sub pores. The ventral portion of buffalo horn does not indicate presence of any such pores.Conclusions: The characteristic “sub pores within a pore” signature of the ventral portion of rhinoceros horn has high potential for forensic identification and consequently, proving offences and convicting offenders.

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An analysis of threats, strategies, and opportunities for African rhinoceros conservation

Chanyandura

Muposhi

Gandiwa

et al. 2021

Ecology and Evolution

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The complexity and magnitude of threats to black ( Diceros bicornis ) and white ( Ceratotherium simum ) rhinoceros conservation in Africa have triggered global concerns and actions. In this study, we analyzed (i) threats to rhinoceros conservation including external shocks, (ii) historical rhinoceros conservation strategies in Zimbabwe and Africa, more broadly, and (iii) opportunities for enhanced rhinoceros conservation in Zimbabwe and Africa. A literature search from 1975 to 2020 was carried out using a predefined search protocol, involving a number of filters based on a set of keywords to balance search sensitivity with specificity. A total of 193 articles, which were most relevant to key themes on rhinoceros conservation, were used in this study. The common threats to rhinoceros conservation identified in this paper include poaching, habitat fragmentation and loss, international trade in illegal rhino products, and external shocks such as global financial recessions and pandemics. Cascading effects emanating from these threats include small and isolated populations, which are prone to genetic, demographic, and environmental uncertainties. Rhinoceros conservation strategies being implemented include education and awareness campaigns, better equipped and more antipoaching efforts, use of innovative systems and technologies, dehorning, and enhancing safety nets, and livelihoods of local communities. Opportunities for rhinoceros conservation vary across the spatial scale, and these include (a) a well‐coordinated stakeholder and community involvement, (b) strategic meta‐population management, (c) enhancing law enforcement initiatives through incorporating real‐time surveillance technologies and intruder detection sensor networks for crime detection, (d) scaling up demand reduction awareness campaigns, and (e) developing more certified wildlife crime and forensic laboratories, and information repository for international corporation.

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Characterization of a species-specific repetitive DNA from a highly endangered wild animal, Rhinoceros unicornis, and assessment of genetic polymorphism by microsatellite associated sequence amplification (MASA)

Cited by 14 publications

References 22 publications

Organizational Variation of DYZ1 Repeat Sequences on the Human Y Chromosome and Its Diagnostic Potentials

Organizational Variation of DYZ1 Repeat Sequences on the Human Y Chromosome and Its Diagnostic Potentials

Scanning electron microscopy: a potential forensic tool to identify a piece of rhinoceros horn

An analysis of threats, strategies, and opportunities for African rhinoceros conservation

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