Microcosm experiments with CE-contaminated groundwater from a former industrial site were set-up to evaluate the relationships between biological CE dissipation, dehalogenase genes abundance and bacterial genera diversity. Impact of high concentrations of PCE on organohalide respiration was also evaluated. Complete or partial dechlorination of PCE, TCE,
cis
-DCE and VC was observed independently of the addition of a reducing agent (Na
2
S) or an electron donor (acetate). The addition of either 10 or 100 μM PCE had no effect on organohalide respiration. qPCR analysis of reductive dehalogenases genes (
pceA, tceA, vcrA
, and
bvcA
) indicated that the version of
pceA
gene found in the genus
Dehalococcoides
[hereafter named
pceA
(Dhc)] and
vcrA
gene increased in abundance by one order of magnitude during the first 10 days of incubation. The version of the
pceA
gene found, among others, in the genus
Dehalobacter, Sulfurospirillum, Desulfuromonas
, and
Geobacter
[hereafter named
pceA
(Dhb)] and
bvcA
gene showed very low abundance. The
tceA
gene was not detected throughout the experiment. The proportion of
pceA
(Dhc) or
vcrA
genes relative to the universal 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene increased by up to 6-fold upon completion of
cis-
DCE dissipation. Sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons indicated that the abundance of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) affiliated to dehalogenating genera
Dehalococcoides, Sulfurospirillum
, and
Geobacter
represented more than 20% sequence abundance in the microcosms. Among organohalide respiration associated genera, only abundance of
Dehalococcoides
spp. increased up to fourfold upon complete dissipation of PCE and
cis
-DCE, suggesting a major implication of
Dehalococcoides
in CEs organohalide respiration. The relative abundance of
pceA
and
vcrA
genes correlated with the occurrence of
Dehalococcoides
and with dissipation extent of PCE,
cis
-DCE and CV. A new type of dehalogenating
Dehalococcoides
sp. phylotype affiliated to the Pinellas group, and suggested to contain both
pceA
(Dhc) and
vcrA
genes, may be involved in organohalide respiration of CEs in groundwater of the study site. Overall, the results demonstrate
in situ
dechlorination potential of CE in the plume, and suggest that taxonomic and functional biomarkers in laboratory microcosms of contaminated groundwater following pollutant exposure can ...