Characterization of a Rhesus Monkey Calicivirus Representing a New Genus of
            <i>Caliciviridae</i>

Farkas, Tibor; Sestak, Karol; Wei, Chao; Jiang, Xi

doi:10.1128/jvi.00070-08

Cited by 234 publications

(238 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…115 Nevertheless, the mouse model is still a convenient and a cost effective platform for potential NoV vaccine studies. 98 Recently, the use of the Tulane virus (TV), a recovirus strain (ReCV), isolated from the stool of rhesus macaques 116 has been advanced as a possible surrogate model for human NoV gastroenteritis. Anti-NoV and anti-TV neutralizing antibodies have been reported in macaques; 117 moreover, TV-neutralizing antibodies were detected in sera of primate caretakers 118 as well as the general population yet at lower levels.…”

Section: Animal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Norovirus vaccines: Correlates of protection, challenges and limitations

Melhem

2016

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Norovirus (NoV) is responsible for at least 50% of all gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. NoVs are classified into 6 different genogroups (GGI-GGVI) based on the viral capsid protein with NoV genogroup II genotype 4 (GII.4) being the predominant strain causing human diseases. Supportive therapy involving reversal of dehydration and electrolyte deficiency is the main treatment of NoV gastroenteritis. However, the worldwide increased recognition of NoV as an important agent of diarrheal gastroenteritis prompted researchers to focus on establishing preventive strategies conferring long-lasting immunity. This review describes the current status of animal and human vaccine models/studies targeting NoV and addresses the factors hampering the development of a broadly effective vaccine.

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Section: Animal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Norovirus vaccines: Correlates of protection, challenges and limitations

Melhem

2016

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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“…The family Caliciviridae comprises non-enveloped virions of 35 nm in diameter, with a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome of 7.4-8.3 kb (Kapikian et al, 1996). This family has four accepted genera, Lagovirus, Norovirus, Sapovirus and Vesivirus (Green et al, 2000), and two putative novel genera, Becovirus (Oliver et al, 2006) and Recovirus (Farkas et al, 2008), which have recently been proposed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of annexin A2 in cellular entry of rabbit vesivirus

González-Reyes

García-Manso

Barrio

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

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The mechanisms of calicivirus attachment and internalization are not well understood, mainly due to the lack of a reliable cell-culture system for most of its members. In this study, rabbit vesivirus (RaV) virions were shown to bind annexin A2 (ANXA2) in a membrane protein fraction from HEK293T cells, using a virus overlay protein-binding assay and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization time-of-flight analysis. A monoclonal anti-ANXA2 antibody and small interfering RNAmediated knockdown of ANXA2 expression in HEK293T cells reduced virus infection significantly, further supporting the role of ANXA2 in RaV attachment and/or internalization. INTRODUCTIONCaliciviruses are relevant pathogens in both veterinary and human medicine against which antiviral strategies are sorely lacking. These viruses cause a wide variety of diseases and symptoms, such as gastroenteritis, vesicular lesions, respiratory infections, reproductive failure and haemorrhagic disease (Green et al., 2000;Hoover & Kahn, 1975;Morens et al., 1979;Thiel & Konig, 1999). The family Caliciviridae comprises non-enveloped virions of 35 nm in diameter, with a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome of 7. 4-8.3 kb (Kapikian et al., 1996). This family has four accepted genera, Lagovirus, Norovirus, Sapovirus and Vesivirus (Green et al., 2000), and two putative novel genera, Becovirus (Oliver et al., 2006) and Recovirus (Farkas et al., 2008), which have recently been proposed.Studies on the replication of most caliciviruses have been hampered severely by the lack of a reliable cell-culture system. More recently, cell-culture systems have been developed for some caliciviruses such as porcine enteric calicivirus (Parwani et al., 1991), murine norovirus 1 (Wobus et al., 2004) and human noroviruses (Straub et al., 2007). Human noroviruses can also be recovered from cell cultures using reverse genetics approaches (Asanaka et al., 2005; Guix et al., 2007). In contrast, most of the members of the genus Vesivirus can be propagated readily in cell culture. Rabbit vesivirus (RaV) has been characterized in our laboratory as a putative novel member of the genus Vesivirus. RaV was isolated from young rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) showing signs of diarrhoea and was grown in cell culture (Martín-Alonso et al., 2005).Viral infection usually starts with the binding of virus particles to specific receptor molecules on the host-cell surface. Several cellular factors have been shown to be critical in calicivirus entry, including a2,6-linked sialic acid present on N-linked glycoproteins (Stuart & Brown, 2007) and ABH histo-blood group antigens (Hutson et al., 2002;Marionneau et al., 2002). In addition, feline functional adhesion molecule 1 (fJAM-1) was recently identified as a functional receptor for feline calicivirus (FCV) (Makino et al., 2006).In this study, we developed a virus overlay protein-binding assay (VOPBA) in an attempt to identify cell-surface proteins that interact with RaV and which might be involved in virus attachment and/or penetration. The VOPBA ...

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“…aliciviruses, in the family Caliciviridae, are small, icosahedral, and nonenveloped viruses with a diameter of 27 to 35 nm, which have a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome of 6.5 to 8.3 kb (1,2). Caliciviruses have been classified into five genera (Norovirus, Sapovirus, Vesivirus, Lagovirus, and Nebovirus) and several proposed genera (3,4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The porcine SaV (PoSaV) Cowden strain, previously known as porcine enteric calicivirus (PEC), belongs to genogroup III (GIII) of the SaVs and is one of only a few culturable enteric caliciviruses (2,12,13). The PoSaV Cowden strain was adapted to a porcine kidney cell line (LLC-PK) after passage of the virus in gnotobiotic (Gn) pigs, followed by 20 passages in primary porcine kidney cells in the presence of an intestinal content preparation from uninfected Gn pigs (12,14).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of Cell Culture Adaptation of an Enteric Calicivirus, the Porcine Sapovirus Cowden Strain

Yokoyama

Chen

et al. 2016

J Virol

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The porcine sapovirus (SaV) (PoSaV) Cowden strain is one of only a few culturable enteric caliciviruses. Compared to the wildtype (WT) PoSaV Cowden strain, tissue culture-adapted (TC) PoSaV has two conserved amino acid substitutions in the RNAdependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and six in the capsid protein (VP1). By using the reverse-genetics system, we identified that 4 amino acid substitutions in VP1 (residues 178, 289, 324, and 328), but not the substitutions in the RdRp region, were critical for the cell culture adaptation of the PoSaV Cowden strain. The other two substitutions in VP1 (residues 291 and 295) reduced virus replication in vitro. Three-dimensional (3D) structural analysis of VP1 showed that residue 178 was located near the dimer-dimer interface, which may affect VP1 assembly and oligomerization; residues 289, 291, 324, and 328 were located at protruding subdomain 2 (P2) of VP1, which may influence virus binding to cellular receptors; and residue 295 was located at the interface of two monomeric VP1 proteins, which may influence VP1 dimerization. Although reversion of the mutation at residue 291 or 295 from that of the TC strain to that of the WT reduced virus replication in vitro, it enhanced virus replication in vivo, and the revertants induced higher-level serum and mucosal antibody responses than those induced by the TC PoSaV Cowden strain. Our findings reveal the molecular basis for PoSaV adaptation to cell culture. These findings may provide new, critical information for the cell culture adaptation of other PoSaV strains and human SaVs or noroviruses. IMPORTANCEThe tissue culture-adapted porcine sapovirus Cowden strain is one of only a few culturable enteric caliciviruses. We discovered that 4 amino acid substitutions in VP1 (residues 178, 289, 324, and 328) were critical for its adaptation to LLC-PK cells. Two substitutions in VP1 (residues 291 and 295) reduced virus replication in vitro but enhanced virus replication and induced higherlevel serum and mucosal antibody responses in gnotobiotic pigs than those induced by the tissue culture-adapted strain. Structural modeling analysis of VP1 suggested that residue 178 may affect VP1 assembly and oligomerization; residues 289, 291, 324, and 328 may influence virus binding to cellular receptors; and residue 295 may influence VP1 dimerization. Our findings will provide new information for the cell culture adaptation of other sapoviruses and possibly noroviruses. C aliciviruses, in the family Caliciviridae, are small, icosahedral, and nonenveloped viruses with a diameter of 27 to 35 nm, which have a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome of 6.5 to 8.3 kb (1, 2). Caliciviruses have been classified into five genera (Norovirus, Sapovirus, Vesivirus, Lagovirus, and Nebovirus) and several proposed genera (3, 4). Among them, noroviruses (NoVs) and sapoviruses (SaVs) are the leading causes of gastroenteritis in humans of all ages. SaVs are often associated with sporadic, selflimiting gastroenteritis, the severity of which is reportedly milder t...

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Characterization of a Rhesus Monkey Calicivirus Representing a New Genus of Caliciviridae

Cited by 234 publications

References 39 publications

Norovirus vaccines: Correlates of protection, challenges and limitations

Norovirus vaccines: Correlates of protection, challenges and limitations

Role of annexin A2 in cellular entry of rabbit vesivirus

Mechanism of Cell Culture Adaptation of an Enteric Calicivirus, the Porcine Sapovirus Cowden Strain

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