Characterization of a Reuterin-Producing Lactobacillus reuteri BPL-36 Strain Isolated from Human Infant Fecal Sample

Abstract

A reuterin (3-hydroxypropinaldehyde, 3-HPA)-producing isolate from a human infant fecal sample was identified as Lactobacillus reuteri BPL-36 strain. The organism displayed a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. The gene (gdh) encoding a glycerol dehydratase subunit was detected by PCR, thus confirming its reuterin-producing ability. Reuterin concentration of 89.63 mM/mL was obtained in the MRS-glycerol medium after 16 h of incubation at 37 °C. The reuterin concentration required to inhibit the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli O157: H7, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes was found to be 1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 10.0 AU/mL, respectively. Antimicrobial efficiency test using BPL-36 cell-free supernatant co-incubated along with different test pathogens was done. Viability of all the tested pathogens decreased with increasing contact time with the cell-free supernatant. S. typhi was observed to be the most susceptible among the tested organisms, and the number of viable cells hugely declined as the contact with cell-free supernatant continued, resulting in a reduction of 6 log cycles (100 % inhibition) of the cells after 4 h of treatment. Production of biogenic amines and degradation of mucin by the reuterin-producing BPL-36 strain were not detected.

Role of Lactobacillus reuteri in Human Health and Diseases

“…Most L. reuteri strains of human and poultry lineage are able to produce and excrete reuterin, a well-known antimicrobial compound ( Talarico et al, 1988 ; Talarico and Dobrogosz, 1989 ; Cadieux et al, 2008 ; Jones and Versalovic, 2009 ; Mishra et al, 2012 ; Greifova et al, 2017 ). Reuterin is a mixture of different forms of 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde (3-HPA) ( Talarico and Dobrogosz, 1989 ).…”

“…Reuterin can inhibit a wide range of microorganisms, mainly Gram-negative bacteria ( Cleusix et al, 2007 ). Not surprisingly, most Lactobacillus species are resistant to reuterin, among which L. reuteri strains exert the most resistance ( Jones and Versalovic, 2009 ; Mishra et al, 2012 ). In addition to its antimicrobial property, reuterin is able to conjugate heterocyclic amines, which also seems to be dependent on the formation of acrolein ( Engels et al, 2016 ).…”

“…Inactivation of folC2 gene resulted in suppression of the hdc gene cluster and diminished histamine production. Notably, histamine production by L. reuteri is highly strain-dependent, and most studies have been focused on strains of human origin ( Mishra et al, 2012 ).…”

Enterococcus faecalis Is a Better Competitor Than Other Lactic Acid Bacteria in the Initial Colonization of Colon of Healthy Newborn Babies at First Week of Their Life

“…Some strains of LAB are able to promote intestinal health of their hosts ( Lionetti et al, 2006 ; Ma et al, 2009 ; Jones et al, 2012 ; Kechagia et al, 2013 ; Mackos et al, 2016 ; Linares et al, 2017 ). Some strains of Limosilactobacillus reuteri (previously known as Lactobacillus reuteri ; Zheng et al, 2020 ) is known for its beneficial roles in health ( Mackos et al, 2013 ; Keller et al, 2014 ; Hou et al, 2015 ; Lee et al, 2016 ; Hsu et al, 2017 ; Mu et al, 2018 ), colonizing the human and animal intestine and producing the antimicrobial compound reuterin ( Talarico and Dobrogosz, 1989 ; Cadieux et al, 2008 ; Morita et al, 2008 ; Spinler et al, 2008 ; Schaefer et al, 2010 ; Mishra et al, 2012 ; Mu et al, 2018 ; Asare et al, 2020 ; Senatore et al, 2020 ) which can inhibit the growth of several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria ( Cleusix et al, 2007 ). It has also been shown that some strains of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (previously known as Lactobacillus rhamnosus ; Zheng et al, 2020 ) have beneficial roles in health promotion ( Martinez et al, 2009 ; Allonsius et al, 2017 ; George-Kerry et al, 2018 ; Westerik et al, 2018a , b ).…”

Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938: what is known about it today?

“…Наиболее выражено противомикробное действие реутерина на грамположительные бактерии. Сами же Lactobacillus устойчивы к реутерину, а наиболее устойчивы штаммы L. reuteri [27].…”