Characterization of a Recurrent Clonal Type of
            <i>Escherichia coli</i>
            O157:H7 Causing Major Outbreaks of Infection in Scotland

Allison, Lesley; Carter, Philip E.; Thomson-Carter, Fiona M.

doi:10.1128/jcm.38.4.1632-1635.2000

Cited by 26 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…Regional dissemination of human isolates has been reported in Scotland, where a recurrent subtype of E. coli O157 has been responsible for several major outbreaks of human disease separated both temporally and geographically (Allison et al, 2000). Regional dissemination may explain the detection of common subtypes of E. coli O157 in cattle herds in different areas of the USA (Rice et al, 1999).…”

Section: Risk Factors and Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EnterohemorrhagicEscherichia coliO157: epidemiology and ecology in bovine production environments

Renter

Sargeant

2002

Anim. Health. Res. Rev.

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A cell culture system for the tick-borne rickettsia Anaplasma marginale offers new opportunities for research on this economically important pathogen of cattle. A. marginale multiplies in membrane-bound inclusions in host cells. Whereas erythrocytes appear to be the only site of infection in cattle, A. marginale undergoes a complex developmental cycle in ticks and transmission occurs via the salivary glands during feeding. We recently developed a cell culture system for A. marginale using a cell line derived from embryos of Ixodes scapularis. Here we review the use of this cell culture system for studying the interaction of A. marginale with tick cells. Several assays were developed using the A. marginale/tick cell system. An adhesion assay was developed for the identification of proteins required by A. marginale for adhesion to tick cells. The effect of antibodies against selected major surface proteins in inhibiting A. marginale infection was tested in an assay that allowed further confirmation of the role of surface proteins in the infection of tick cells. A drug screening assay for A. marginale was developed and provides a method of initial drug selection without the use of cattle. The culture system was used to test for enhancing effects of tick saliva and saliva components on A. marginale infection. The tick cell culture system has proved to be a good model for studying A. marginale-tick interactions. Information gained from these studies may be applicable to other closely related tick-borne pathogens that have been propagated in the same tick cell line.

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Section: Risk Factors and Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EnterohemorrhagicEscherichia coliO157: epidemiology and ecology in bovine production environments

Renter

Sargeant

2002

Anim. Health. Res. Rev.

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“…Although there is little evidence of disease in man or animals from the land application of sludge, environmental reservoirs of pathogens have been recognized as major sources of enteric pathogens during the last decade (e.g. E. coli 0157; Hillborn et al 1999;Allison et al 2000;Guan and Holley 2003;Maldonado et al 2005). This has led to increased awareness of potential human health risks associated with application of wastes to land, and current thinking is that the level of pathogens in material applied to land should not increase the numbers already in the environment.…”

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confidence: 99%

Survival ofEscherichia coliandSalmonellaspp. after application of sewage sludge to aPinus radiataforest

Horswell

Ambrose

Clucas

et al. 2007

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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Aims: This study investigated the survival of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in sewage sludge applied to young and old Pinus radiata forest in Spring and Autumn/Winter. Methods and Results: Large numbers of E. coli were present in sludge applied to the forest blocks but Salmonella spp. numbers were low or nondetectable. In the mature stand in Spring, numbers of E. coli returned to back‐ground after 3 weeks and die‐off was significantly correlated with per cent solids of sludge. E. coli survived longer in mature and young stands in Autumn/Winter where numbers did not significantly decrease until weeks 5 and 13, respectively. Salmonella spp. was detectable in the mature stand until week 4 and in the young stand until week 11 in Autumn/Winter. Conclusions: Microbial die‐off was related to desiccation of the sewage sludge, and was faster in warmer, drier conditions. Significance and Impact of the Study: In many countries, environmental and health risks associated with the application of sewage sludge to land are minimized by ‘best management practice’ guidelines, where risks are managed by restriction of public access to these sites. This study provides supporting evidence that withholding periods of greater than 6 months are sufficient to reduce microbial contaminants to background levels.

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“…The Center for Disease Control prescribes that a second digestion with a different enzyme should be performed on identical PFGE patterns that are suspected to be epidemiologically linked before further epidemiological or genetic relationships are inferred or before large‐scale outbreak investigations are undertaken (Gupta et al., 2004; Swaminathan et al., 2006). Other studies have also suggested that combining data obtained by PFGE with that obtained by other subtyping techniques or restriction enzymes augment the discriminatory power of PFGE and the concordance between molecular and epidemiological findings (Barrett et al., 1994;Izumiya et al., 1997; Grif et al., 1998; Allison et al., 2000; Preston et al., 2000; Davis et al., 2003).…”

Section: Pulsed‐field Gel Electrophoresismentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for Genotyping Verotoxin‐Producing Escherichia coli

Karama

Gyles

2010

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) is annually incriminated in more than 100,000 cases of enteric foodborne human disease and in losses amounting to $US 2.5 billion every year. A number of genotyping methods have been developed to track VTEC infections and determine diversity and evolutionary relationships among these microorganisms. These methods have facilitated monitoring and surveillance of foodborne VTEC outbreaks and early identification of outbreaks or clusters of outbreaks. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) has been used extensively to track and differentiate VTEC because of its high discriminatory power, reproducibility and ease of standardization. Multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeats analysis (MLVA) and microarrays are the latest genotyping methods that have been applied to discriminate VTEC. MLVA, a simpler and less expensive method, is proving to have a discriminatory power comparable to that of PFGE. Microarrays are successfully being applied to differentiate VTEC and make inferences on genome diversification. Novel methods that are being evaluated for subtyping VTEC include the detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms and optical mapping. This review discusses the principles, applications, advantages and disadvantages of genotyping methods that have been used to differentiate VTEC strains. These methods have been mainly used to differentiate strains of O157:H7 VTEC and to a lesser extent non-O157 VTEC.

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Characterization of a Recurrent Clonal Type of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Causing Major Outbreaks of Infection in Scotland

Cited by 26 publications

References 19 publications

EnterohemorrhagicEscherichia coliO157: epidemiology and ecology in bovine production environments

EnterohemorrhagicEscherichia coliO157: epidemiology and ecology in bovine production environments

Survival ofEscherichia coliandSalmonellaspp. after application of sewage sludge to aPinus radiataforest

Methods for Genotyping Verotoxin‐Producing Escherichia coli

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