Characterization of a novel thogotovirus isolated from Amblyomma testudinarium ticks in Ehime, Japan: A significant phylogenetic relationship to Bourbon virus

Ejiri, Hiroko; Lim, Chang‐Kweng; Isawa, Haruhiko; Fujita, Ryosuke; Murota, Katsunori; Sato, Tomomi; Kobayashi, Daisuke; Kan, Miki; Hattori, Masashi; Kimura, Toshiya; Yamaguchi, Yukie; Takayama-Ito, Mutsuyo; Horiya, Madoka; Posadas-Herrera, Guillermo; Minami, Shohei; Kuwata, Ryusei; Shimoda, Hiroshi; Maeda, Ken; Katayama, Yukie; Mizutani, Tetsuya; Saijo, Masayuki; Kaku, Koki; Shinomiya, Hiroto; Sawabe, Kyoko

doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2018.03.004

Cited by 33 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Finally, Orthomyxoviridae -related sequences (more than 9% of total ssRNA viruses), either belonging to the Thogotovirus or the Quaranjavirus genera were detected, but Oz virus-related viral sequences were the most abundant. Tentatively named Thailand tick thogotovirus (accession no MN095539-44), this virus presented amino-acid identities ranging from 70 to 82% depending on the genes (Table 1) with Oz virus, a recently reported tick-borne virus identified in Amblyomma testudinarium ticks from Japan that is phylogenetically close to Bourbon and Dhori thogotoviruses (Ejiri et al, 2018).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring Silent Spillovers Before Emergence: A Pilot Study at the Tick/Human Interface in Thailand

et al. 2019

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Emerging zoonoses caused by previously unknown agents are one of the most important challenges for human health because of their inherent inability to be predictable, conversely to emergences caused by previously known agents that could be targeted by routine surveillance programs. Emerging zoonotic infections either originate from increasing contacts between wildlife and human populations, or from the geographical expansion of hematophagous arthropods that act as vectors, this latter being more capable to impact large-scale human populations. While characterizing the viral communities from candidate vectors in high-risk geographical areas is a necessary initial step, the need to identify which viruses are able to spill over and those restricted to their hosts has recently emerged. We hypothesized that currently unknown tick-borne arboviruses could silently circulate in specific biotopes where mammals are highly exposed to tick bites, and implemented a strategy that combined high-throughput sequencing with broad-range serological techniques to both identify novel arboviruses and tick-specific viruses in a ticks/mammals interface in Thailand. The virome of Thai ticks belonging to the Rhipicephalus, Amblyomma, Dermacentor, Hyalomma, and Haemaphysalis genera identified numerous viruses, among which several viruses could be candidates for future emergence as regards to their phylogenetic relatedness with known tick-borne arboviruses. Luciferase immunoprecipitation system targeting external viral proteins of viruses identified among the Orthomyxoviridae, Phenuiviridae, Flaviviridae, Rhabdoviridae, and Chuviridae families was used to screen human and cattle Thai populations highly exposed to tick bites. Although no positive serum was detected for any of the six viruses selected, suggesting that these viruses are not infecting these vertebrates, or at very low prevalence (upper estimate 0.017% and 0.047% in humans and cattle, respectively), the virome of Thai ticks presents an extremely rich viral diversity, among which novel tick-borne arboviruses are probably hidden and could pose a public health concern if they emerge. The strategy developed in this pilot study, starting from the inventory of viral communities of hematophagous arthropods to end by the identification of viruses able (or likely unable) to infect vertebrates, is the first step in the prediction of putative new emergences and could easily be transposed to other reservoirs/vectors/susceptible hosts interfaces.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring Silent Spillovers Before Emergence: A Pilot Study at the Tick/Human Interface in Thailand

et al. 2019

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“…We used a collection of 10 different thogotovirus isolates from various parts of the world [4,18,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] to investigate their MxA sensitivity. The identity of the virus stocks was confirmed by NGS analysis.…”

Section: Mxa Sensitivity Of Diverse Thogotovirus Isolatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thogotovirus isolates used in the present study: THOV HI-Kamigano-25 [38], THOV Afri-cAII [31], THOV PoTi503 [34], THOV SiAr126 [33], JOSV [32], Oz virus [37], BRBV [18], DHOV India [4], BTKV [36] and DHOV PoTi461 [35].…”

Section: Viruses Infection and Plaque Forming Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tick-transmitted thogotovirus gains high virulence by a single MxA escape mutation in the viral nucleoprotein

et al. 2020

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Infections with emerging and re-emerging arboviruses are of increasing concern for global health. Tick-transmitted RNA viruses of the genus Thogotovirus in the Orthomyxoviridae family have considerable zoonotic potential, as indicated by the recent emergence of Bourbon virus in the USA. To successfully infect humans, arboviruses have to escape the restrictive power of the interferon defense system. This is exemplified by the high sensitivity of thogotoviruses to the antiviral action of the interferon-induced myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) that inhibits the polymerase activity of incoming viral ribonucleoprotein complexes. Acquiring resistance to human MxA would be expected to enhance the zoonotic potential of these pathogens. Therefore, we screened a panel of 10 different thogotovirus isolates obtained from various parts of the world for their sensitivity to MxA. A single isolate from Nigeria, Jos virus, showed resistance to the antiviral action of MxA in cell culture and in MxA-transgenic mice, whereas the prototypic Sicilian isolate SiAr126 was fully MxA-sensitive. Further analysis identified two amino acid substitutions (G327R and R328V) in the viral nucleoprotein as determinants for MxA resistance. Importantly, when introduced into SiAr126, the R328V mutation resulted in complete MxA escape of the recombinant virus, without causing any viral fitness loss. The escape mutation abolished viral nucleoprotein recognition by MxA and allowed unhindered viral growth in MxA-expressing cells and in MxA-transgenic mice. These findings demonstrate that thogotoviruses can overcome the species barrier by escaping MxA restriction and reveal that these tick-transmitted viruses may have a greater zoonotic potential than previously suspected.

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“…All currently known influenza pathogens belong to the family Orthomyxoviridae and are divided into genera: Influenzavirus A, B, C, D, as well as Quaranjavirus, Thogotovirus and Isavirus; the last two infect rabbit-like mammals and salmon fish [2,3,4]. Representatives of Quaranjavirus found among both invertebrates (ticks) and vertebrates (water birds) hosts [5].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza D Viruses - Pathogens Forming a New Genus in the Orthomyxoviridae Family

Zhumatov

Kazakhstan²,

Kydyrmanov³

et al. 2020

Series of Biological and Medical

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Influenza pathogens belong to the Orthomyxoviridae family and are divided into genera: Influenzavirus A, B, C, D, as well as Quaranjavirus, Thogotovirus, and Isavirus. For the first time, the influenza D virus was isolated from swine nasal swabs in 2011 in the United States, and its widespread distribution among cattle in France, China, Italy, Ireland, Japan, and several African countries, as well as its ability to infect ferrets, guinea pigs, is further shown. Antibodies to influenza D virus are found in the blood serum of horses, sheep, goats, and in people who have been in contact with cattle. The RNA genome of the influenza D virus is represented by seven fragments responsible for the synthesis of nine proteins. The longest three segments encode for polymerases PB2, PB1, and P3; the fourth and fifth segments encode for hemagglutinin-esterase fusion protein – HEF and nucleoprotein – NP, respectively. The sixth fragment is involved in the synthesis of membrane polypeptides DM1 and DM2, which, in accordance, lines the viral membrane from the inside and performs the function of proton channels. The seventh segment encodes the non-structural protein NS1 and the nuclear export protein NEP; NS1 helps to neutralize cellular interferon and NEP mediates the nuclear export of ribonucleoprotein. Three phylogenetic lines of the influenza virus D are described – D/OK, D/660, and D/Japan, which must be taken into account when preparing vaccines. It is concluded that from its epidemiological, pathological and biological characteristics, the potential ability to cause disease in humans and be transmitted from person to person, new, more in-depth studies are required using ecological-virological and molecular genetic methods.

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Characterization of a novel thogotovirus isolated from Amblyomma testudinarium ticks in Ehime, Japan: A significant phylogenetic relationship to Bourbon virus

Cited by 33 publications

References 32 publications

Monitoring Silent Spillovers Before Emergence: A Pilot Study at the Tick/Human Interface in Thailand

Monitoring Silent Spillovers Before Emergence: A Pilot Study at the Tick/Human Interface in Thailand

Tick-transmitted thogotovirus gains high virulence by a single MxA escape mutation in the viral nucleoprotein

Influenza D Viruses - Pathogens Forming a New Genus in the Orthomyxoviridae Family

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