Characterization of a new leiurotoxin I‐like scorpion toxin

Zerrouk, H.; Mansuelle, Pascal; Benslimane, A.; Rochat, Hervé; Martin‐Eauclaire, Marie‐France

doi:10.1016/0014-5793(93)80583-g

Cited by 73 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…[9][10][11] The toxicity of A. mauretanicus mauretanicus venom is due to the presence of neurotoxins that are specifically active on sodium and potassium channels. 6,12 The severity of scorpion envenoming and the rapid diffusion of inoculated venom require that appropriate treatment be started as soon as possible after the sting. Most investigators consider antivenom to be the only specific treatment for envenoming by scorpion stings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scorpion envenomation and serotherapy in Morocco.

Ghalim

El-Hafny²,

Sebti³

et al. 2000

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

111

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Abstract.A clinical and biologic study was conducted in Morocco to assess the efficiency of antivenom therapy for treating victims of scorpion stings. Epidemiologic and clinical data were collected from 275 patients envenomed by Androctonus mauretanicus mauretanicus and Buthus occitanus scorpions. Patients received antivenom or other drugs. Blood samples were collected at the time of hospital admission and 1 hr and 3 hr after treatment. Serum venom levels were quantified by using an ELISA. An association was found between clinical signs of envenoming and the level of venom in serum. Patients classified as grade II (moderate envenoming) had higher serum levels of venom level than patients classified as grade I (mild envenoming). At admission to the hospital, the mean venom concentration was not significantly different between the group not treated with antivenom, the group who received 2-5 ml of antivenom, and the group who received 10 ml of antivenom. A significant decrease in serum venom levels and an improvement in the clinical conditions were observed in patients administered 10 ml of antivenom. The lower decrease in serum venom levels in patients who received 2-5 ml of antivenom was due to lower doses of antivenom. No difference in the venom concentration was observed in patients who were not treated with antivenom. The absence of administration of antivenom increased the risk of developing clinical signs at the end of the hospitalization period. However, this risk was much higher when more than 1 hr elapsed between the time of the scorpion sting and the time of hospital admission. The results demonstrate that antivenom is effective in decreasing circulating venom and morbidity. Serotherapy is more efficient when given as soon as possible after envenomation and with adequate quantities of antivenom.In north Africa, as in numerous tropical countries, envenomation by scorpion stings is a major public health problem, particularly in children. [1][2][3][4] The black scorpion (Androctonus mauretanicus mauretanicus) and the yellow scorpion (Buthus occitanus) are the most dangerous scorpions and are responsible for the majority of stings in Morocco. The epidemiologic data are incomplete, but the number of scorpion stings is estimated to be 40,000 per year in Morocco.Scorpion venoms are a complex biochemical mixture containing numerous neurotoxic polypeptides. 5,6 These polypeptides enhance excitability of nerve and muscle cells in scorpion sting victims and also cause death, particularly in children. 7 The onset of clinical symptoms is rapid (within 5-30 min) following the sting. 8,9 Respiratory failure and cardiovascular manifestations are the usual causes of death. 9-11 The toxicity of A. mauretanicus mauretanicus venom is due to the presence of neurotoxins that are specifically active on sodium and potassium channels. 6,12 The severity of scorpion envenoming and the rapid diffusion of inoculated venom require that appropriate treatment be started as soon as possible after the sting. Most investigators consider a...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scorpion envenomation and serotherapy in Morocco.

Ghalim

El-Hafny²,

Sebti³

et al. 2000

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

111

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“…These peptide toxins can be classified into two main categories based upon their sizes and pharmacological target sites. The short-chain toxins (31-37 amino acids that are cross-linked by 3 or 4 disulfide bonds) mainly affect potassium channels (Chicchi et al, 1988;Zerrouk et al, 1993;Legros et al, 1996), and long-chain toxins (60-70 amino acids that are cross-linked by 4 disulfide bonds) mainly affect sodium channels (Darbon et al, 1982;FontecillaCamps et al, 1988;Fontecilla-Camps, 1989;Loret et al, 1990).…”

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confidence: 99%

Anti‐Insect Toxin 5 (Aalts) from Androctonus Australis

Nakagawa

Lee

Lehmberg

et al. 1997

European Journal of Biochemistry

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An insect-selective scorpion toxin (AaIT5) was purified from the venom of the North African scorpion Androctonus australis, and its amino acid sequence was determined by a combination of automated Edman degradation, electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry, and sequence alignment. This insect toxin is very potent against the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (100% lethal dose < 1.8 yg/100 mg body mass) and shows a distinct insect specificity and various symptoms. It is not toxic to mice after subcutaneous injection. The molecular mass of this toxin is 6882Da and the amino acid sequence is similar to those of Androctonus australis anti-insect toxin 4 (AaIT4), Leiurus quinquestriatus depressant anti-insect toxins (LqhIT2, LqqIT2), and Buthotus judaicus depressant anti-insect toxin (BjIT2).

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“…Since this basis set does not have parameters for the I atom, the calculations were not performed for 3o. 6 Econformer -Eglobal minimum conformer. (Table 2), calculated using AM1 (R) or 6-31G* (S).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Molecular Modeling, and Pharmacological Testing of Bis-Quinolinium Cyclophanes: Potent, Non-Peptidic Blockers of the Apamin-Sensitive Ca²⁺-Activated K⁺Channel

et al. 1999

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The synthesis and pharmacological testing of two series of novel bis-quinolinium cyclophanes as blockers of the apamin-sensitive Ca 2+ -activated K + (SK Ca ) channel are presented. In these cyclophanes the two 4-aminoquinolinium groups are joined at the ring N atoms (linker L) and at the exocyclic N atoms (linker A). In those cases where A and L contain two or more aromatic rings each, the activity of the compound is not critically dependent upon the nature of the linkers. When A and L each have only one benzene ring, the blocking potency changes dramatically with simple structural variations in the linkers. One of these smaller cyclophanes having A ) benzene-1,4-diylbis(methylene) and L ) benzene-1,3-diylbis(methylene) (3j, 6,10-diaza-1,5(1,4)-diquinolina-3(1,3),8(1,4)-dibenzenacyclodecaphanedium tritrifluoroacetate, UCL 1684) has an IC 50 of 3 nM and is the most potent non-peptidic SK Ca channel blocker described to date. Conformational analysis on the smaller cyclophanes using molecular modeling techniques suggests that the differences in the blocking potencies of the compounds may be attributable to their different conformational preferences.

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Characterization of a new leiurotoxin I‐like scorpion toxin

Cited by 73 publications

References 22 publications

Scorpion envenomation and serotherapy in Morocco.

Scorpion envenomation and serotherapy in Morocco.

Anti‐Insect Toxin 5 (Aalts) from Androctonus Australis

Synthesis, Molecular Modeling, and Pharmacological Testing of Bis-Quinolinium Cyclophanes: Potent, Non-Peptidic Blockers of the Apamin-Sensitive Ca²⁺-Activated K⁺Channel

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Characterization of a new leiurotoxin I‐like scorpion toxin

Cited by 73 publications

References 22 publications

Scorpion envenomation and serotherapy in Morocco.

Scorpion envenomation and serotherapy in Morocco.

Anti‐Insect Toxin 5 (Aalts) from Androctonus Australis

Synthesis, Molecular Modeling, and Pharmacological Testing of Bis-Quinolinium Cyclophanes: Potent, Non-Peptidic Blockers of the Apamin-Sensitive Ca2+-Activated K+Channel

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Product

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Synthesis, Molecular Modeling, and Pharmacological Testing of Bis-Quinolinium Cyclophanes: Potent, Non-Peptidic Blockers of the Apamin-Sensitive Ca²⁺-Activated K⁺Channel