Characterization of a microelectromechanical systems-based counter-current flame ionization detector

Recent advances in micro detectors for micro gas chromatography

“…Several groups are continuously working on the miniaturization of FIDs to reduce gas consumption in portable gas chromatographs. For example, Kuipers et al [16,17] reported the miniaturization of an FID by MEMS technology, as shown in Fig. 2.…”

“…In Kuiper's μFID, a premixed flame with oxygen and hydrogen is used. Diffusion flames are Figure 2 3D representation of half of a planar μFID (top) and crosssectional view of a planar μFID (bottom) [16,17]. Reproduced with permission from Ref.…”

An autonomous flame ionization detector for emission monitoring

“…Thus, the gas consumption of the FID must be reduced to suit the produced gas amounts of the electrolysis and it must be operable on pure oxygen instead of on synthetic or conditioned air. Both requirements are met by miniaturizing the FID realizing an innovative planar counter-current geometry (Kuipers and Müller, 2011), as shown in Fig. 2.…”

“…The us- age of pure oxygen at the high temperature of the hydrogen flame and the humidity of the gases due to the electrolysis require a high corrosion resistance of the miniaturized FID. Conventional miniaturized systems based on silicon MEMS technology (Kuipers, 2011) are not sufficient in this case. Therefore, ceramic multilayer technology LTCC, which is extremely robust towards high temperatures and chemicals, has been used to manufacture the miniaturized FID (µFID) (Lenz et al, 2016).…”

“…It was shown that sensitivity of the µFID increases with rising burning gas flows and that the sensitivity first increases with rising sample gas flow and decreases again with further rising sample gas flows. This behavior indicates a varying efficiency of the burning process due to different mixing of the gas flows in the burning chamber of the µFID (Förster et al, 2017a;Kuipers, 2011).…”