Characterization of a major refractory component of marine dissolved organic matter

Hertkorn, Norbert; Benner, Ronald; Frommberger, Moritz; Schmitt‐Kopplin, Philippe; Witt, Matthias; Kaiser, Karl; Kettrup, A.; Hedges, John I.

doi:10.1016/j.gca.2006.03.021

Cited by 734 publications

(900 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Our western blot analyses showed that C18-DOM induces the expression of HO-1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in a dose dependent manner with a feature similar to that of aspirin (Fig. 3C).Further, we conducted chemical characterization of C18-DOM using NMR technique.The results obtained were consistent with Hertkorn, et al (Supplemental Data 1) [19].Moreover our ESI/ TOF/ Mass Spectrometry (MS) analysis showed that C18-DOM is composed of molecules with molecular weight ranging from 220 to 1000 amu with peak occurring around 400 amu (data not shown). …”

supporting

confidence: 92%

Intake of dissolved organic matter from deep seawater inhibits atherosclerosis progression

Radhakrishnan

Yamamoto

Maeda

et al. 2009

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

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Abstract:Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in seawater can be defined as the fraction of organic matter that passes through a filter of sub micron pore size. In this study, we have examined the effect of DOM of deep seawater (DSW) from Pacific Ocean on platelet aggregation and atherosclerosis progression. DSW was passed through a series of filters and then through an Octadecyl C18 filter; the retained substance in ethanol was designated as C18 extractable DOM (C18-DOM). Our studies showed that C18-DOM treatment inhibited platelet aggregation, P-selectin expression and activity of COX-1 significantly. C18-DOM increased the expression of anti-atherogenic molecule namely heme oxygenase-1 in endothelial cells and all these data showed that C18-DOM is exhibiting aspirin-like effects. Moreover our in vivo studies showed that C18-DOM feeding slowed remarkably the progression of atherosclerosis. Our study demonstrated a novel biological effect of oceanic DOM, which has several important implications, including a possible therapeutic strategy for atherosclerosis. Keywords:Deep seawater; Dissolved organic matter; Atherosclerosis; Cyclooxygenase-1 Atherosclerosis is a progressive disease of arteries, characterized by accumulation of lipids and fibrous elements and is responsible for up to 50% of deaths in the modern society [1].In the history of drug discovery, so far terrestrial resources have been targeted which led to the creation of various medicines. Recently, the trend has been switched on to the oceans, which is considered as a potential source for the next generation of drugs. In this study we have focussed on the dissolved organic matter (DOM) from deep seawater (DSW). DSW was collected from depths beyond 374 meters off (mesopelagic zone) the Cape of Muroto, facing the north-east Pacific Ocean, (Latitude 33.5º N and Longitude 134.10º E) using a DSW-drawing system, where intense up welling of DSW occurs due to the movement of ocean currents. Surface seawater was also collected from depth 5 meters off at the same location. The purpose of this research is to examine the effect and the mechanism of action of DOM in DSW on the progression of atherosclerosis. Materials and methodsPreparation of dissolved organic matter. We isolated DOM using a solid phase extraction method in which 1500 l of original SW was passed through a series of filters of size 50, 5 and 0.2 µm pore sizes, respectively (Y. S. Filter Japan) and then through an 3M Empore TM Octadecyl (C18) FF disc (90 mm) to retain the organic substance. The filtered DOM was dissolved in 25 ml of ethanol and was designated as C18-DOM. To prepare desalinated DSW, original DSW was passed through 50, 5µm filters, and then desalinated twice by a reverse osmosis membrane module using HR3155PI (Element Rabbit balloon injury model. Japanese Male White Rabbits (JMWRs) weighing 3-3.2 kg (Japan SLC, Inc., Shizuoka, Japan) were used in this study. All animal experimental protocols were followed in accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals published by th...

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supporting

confidence: 92%

Intake of dissolved organic matter from deep seawater inhibits atherosclerosis progression

Radhakrishnan

Yamamoto

Maeda

et al. 2009

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

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“…Therefore, we prescribe a lognormal distribution of DOC molecules, such that the abundance of DOC molecules approaches zero at MW = 0 Da. Such lognormal DOC distributions are qualitatively supported by mass distributions of hydrophobic DOC as estimated using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry data for the 150-2000 Da size range have presented evidence for lognormal molecular size distributions [D'Andrilli et al, 2010;Hertkorn et al, 2006]. Furthermore, we make the simple assumption that the Δ 14 C value of the DOC is a linear function of log (x/x 0 ) ,where x 0 is a reference molecular weight (e.g., x 0 = 1 Da).…”

Section: Doc Molecular Size-age Distribution Ultrafiltration Modelmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Previous work on HMW DOC has clearly shown that DOC is comprised of many labile biomolecules, in particular complex carbohydrates and amino acids [Biddanda and Benner, 1997;Biersmith and Benner, 1998;Kaiser and Benner, 2009]. In contrast, recent results on LMW material isolated by hydrophobic resins has indicated complex and heterogeneous chemical composition, far more similar to that observed in fulvic acids in terrestrial systems [Dittmar and Kattner, 2003;Hertkorn et al, 2006;Hertkorn et al, 2007]. A size versus Δ 14 C continuum links these very different molecular level results into a unified view based on a progressive gradient in ocean DOC composition and age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pacific carbon cycling constrained by organic matter size, age and composition relationships

et al. 2016

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Marine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is a major global carbon reservoir, yet its cycling remains poorly understood. Previous work suggests that DOC molecular size and chemical composition can significantly affect its bioavailability. Thus, DOC size and composition may control DOC cycling and radiocarbon age (via Δ 14 C). Here we show that DOC molecular size is correlated to DOC Δ 14 C in the Pacific Ocean. Our results, based on a series of increasing molecular size fractions from three depths in the Pacific, show increasing DOC Δ 14 C with increasing molecular size. We use a size-age distribution model to predict the DOC and Δ 14 C of ultrafiltered DOC. The model predicts both large and small surface DOC with high Δ 14 C and a narrow range (200-500 Da) of low Δ 14 C DOC. Deep model offsets suggest different size distributions and/or Δ 14 C sources at 670-915 m. Our results suggest that molecular size and composition are linked to DOC reactivity and storage in the ocean.

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“…12,44 General OCH units, such as carbohydrates, ethers, esters, and alcohols, accounted for ∼20%, whereas aromatics accounted for 4%−5% and olefins accounted for <2%. As expected from the NMR difference spectra, the individual section integrals also varied between samples.…”

Section: Analytical Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Proposed Guidelines for Solid Phase Extraction of Suwannee River Dissolved Organic Matter

et al. 2016

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This paper proposes improved guidelines for dissolved organic matter (DOM) isolation by solid phase extraction (SPE) with a styrene−divinylbenzene copolymer (PPL) sorbent, which has become an established method for the isolation of DOM from natural waters, because of its ease of application and appreciable carbon recovery. Suwannee River water was selected to systematically study the effects of critical SPE variables such as loading mass, concentration, flow rate, and up-scaling on the extraction selectivity of the PPL sorbent. High-field Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR MS) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR) spectroscopy were performed to interpret the DOM chemical space of eluates, as well as permeates and wash liquids with molecular resolution. Up to 89% dissolved organic carbon (DOC) recovery was obtained with a DOC/PPL mass ratio of 1:800 at a DOC concentration of 20 mg/L. With the application of larger loading volumes, low proportions of highly oxygenated compounds were retained on the PPL sorbent. The effects of the flow rate on the extraction selectivity of the sorbent were marginal. Up-scaling had a limited effect on the extraction selectivity with the exception of increased self-esterification with a methanol solvent, resulting in methyl ester groups. Furthermore, the SPE/ PPL extract exhibited highly authentic characteristics in comparison with original water and reverse osmosis samples. These findings will be useful for reproducibly isolating DOM with representative molecular compositions from various sources and concentrations and minimizing potential inconsistencies among interlaboratory comparative studies.

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Characterization of a major refractory component of marine dissolved organic matter

Cited by 734 publications

References 42 publications

Intake of dissolved organic matter from deep seawater inhibits atherosclerosis progression

Intake of dissolved organic matter from deep seawater inhibits atherosclerosis progression

Pacific carbon cycling constrained by organic matter size, age and composition relationships

Proposed Guidelines for Solid Phase Extraction of Suwannee River Dissolved Organic Matter

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