Characterization of a highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus derived from bar-headed geese in China

Zhou, Jiyong; Shen, Huigang; Chen, Hongxun; Tong, Guangzhi; Liao, Ming; Yang, Hanchun; Liu, Jianxin

doi:10.1099/vir.0.81800-0

Cited by 88 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In contrast to the high pathogenicity and neurovirulence in mice observed with H5N1 viruses isolated from poultry and humans in Hong Kong in 1997 and from wild birds in Qinghai Lake in 2005 (Gao et al, 1999;Lu et al, 1999;Dybing et al, 2000;Liu et al, 2005;Zhou et al, 2006), both S and Y viruses were moderately pathogenic for mice, and no virus was detected in the brain from the challenged mice. Chen and colleagues demonstrated that duck H5N1 viruses isolated in 2001 and 2002 (intermediate or highly pathogenic) were more pathogenic in mice than those isolated in 1999 and 2000 (low pathogenicity) (Chen et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…However, recent outbreaks of H5N1 in domestic ducks and wild aquatic birds indicated that this longstanding equilibrium between influenza virus and water fowl may have been disrupted. During the 2003 to 2005 H5N1 avian influenza outbreaks in Asia, domestic ducks were among the species affected clinically (Kishida et al, 2005;Liu et al, 2005;Zhou et al, 2006). In the present study, we showed that although the four H5N1 influenza viruses each had multiple basic amino acids at the HA cleavage site, and were highly pathogenic in chickens, they exhibited differing pathogenicity in mallards*with Y and hn viruses being of low pathogenicity in mallards, while S and lk isolates were highly pathogenic in this avian model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…In May 2005, H5N1 virus caused an outbreak in migratory waterfowl in Qinghai Lake, western China. Multiple species of birds, including bar-headed geese, great cormorants, great black-headed gulls, brown-headed gulls, ruddy shelducks and tufted ducks, were affected Liu et al, 2005;Zhou et al, 2006). These isolates are highly pathogenic in ducks and geese.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of duck H5N1 influenza viruses with differing pathogenicity in mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) ducks

Tang¹,

Wu²,

Peng³

et al. 2009

Avian Pathology

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A number of H5N1 influenza outbreaks have occurred in aquatic birds in Asia. As aquatic birds are the natural reservoir of influenza A viruses and do not usually show clinical disease upon infection, the repeated H5N1 outbreaks have highlighted the importance of continuous surveillance on H5N1 viruses in aquatic birds. In the present study we characterized the biological properties of four H5N1 avian influenza viruses, which had been isolated from ducks, in different animal models. In specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens, all four isolates were highly pathogenic. In SPF mice, the S and Y isolates were moderately pathogenic. However, in mallard ducks, two isolates had low pathogenicity, while the other two were highly pathogenic and caused lethal infection. A representative isolate with high pathogenicity in ducks caused systemic infection and replicated effectively in all 10 organs tested in challenged ducks, whereas a representative isolate with low pathogenicity in ducks was only detected in some organs in a few challenged ducks. Comparison of complete genomic sequences from the four isolates showed that the same amino acid residues that have been reported to be associated with virulence and host adaption/restriction of influenza viruses were present in the PB2, HA, NA, M and NS genes, while the amino acid residues at the HA cleavage site were diverse. From these results it appeared that the virulence of H5N1 avian influenza viruses was increased for ducks and that amino acid substitutions at the HA cleavage site might have contributed to the differing pathogenicity of these isolates in mallards. A procedure for the intravenous pathogenicity index test in a mallard model for assessing the virulence of H5/H7 subtype avian influenza viruses in waterfowl is described.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of duck H5N1 influenza viruses with differing pathogenicity in mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) ducks

Tang¹,

Wu²,

Peng³

et al. 2009

Avian Pathology

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“…Although the H5N1 viruses isolated in 1997 and subsequent 1997‐like viruses isolated up to 2002 did not replicate efficiently in ducks, 13 , 14 recent H5N1 viruses were found to replicate in multiple organs, particularly the brain, instead of ‘conventional’ gastrointestinal tract replication, and consequently caused death in geese, ducks and swans 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 . However, there is some evidence that HPAI viruses may enter the brain in sub‐clinical infections of ducks 22 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of age on the pathogenesis of a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus in Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) infected experimentally

Löndt¹,

Núñez²,

Banks³

et al. 2009

Influenza Resp Viruses

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Background Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses have recently displayed increased virulence for wild waterfowl. Objectives To study the effect of host age on the shedding and tissue dissemination of a HPAI H5N1 virus in infected Pekin ducks. Methods Pekin ducks in two age‐matched groups (n = 18), 8 and 12 weeks old (wo) were each infected with 106 EID50/0·1 ml of HPAI A/turkey/Turkey/1/05 (H5N1, clade 2·2). Each day for 5 days, birds were monitored clinically, and cloacal and oropharyngeal swabs collected, before three birds from each group were selected randomly for post‐mortem examination. Tissue samples were collected for examination by real‐time RT‐PCR, histopathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results Severe clinical signs, including incoordination and torticollis were observed in the 8 wo group resulting in 100% mortality by 4 dpi. Mild clinical signs were observed in the 12 wo group with no mortality. Real‐time RT‐PCR and IHC results demonstrated the systemic spread of H5N1 virus in birds of both age groups. Higher levels of virus shedding were detected in oropharyngeal swabs than in cloacal swabs, with similar levels of shedding detected in both age groups. Variations in level and temporal dissemination of virus within tissues of older ducks, and the presence of the virus in brain and heart were observed, which coincided with the appearance of clinical signs preceding death in younger birds. Conclusions These results are consistent with reports of natural infections of wild waterfowl and poultry possibly indicating an age‐related association with dissemination and clinical outcome in ducks following infection with H5N1 HPAI virus.

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“…This absence of observable clinical signs suggests a limited effect on host species behavior (11), which presumably permits virus spread over varied distances via infected hosts during migration. Many studies implicate birds in the movement of AIVs (12)(13)(14) and have speculated on the potential for movement of highly pathogenic (HP) viruses out of regions of Asia where they are endemic (15,16). However, there is limited evidence for the spread of diverse AIV strains by wild birds, especially over shorter periods; thus, the significance of host waterfowl in spreading AIV is still debated (17,18).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spread and Persistence of Influenza A Viruses in Waterfowl Hosts in the North American Mississippi Migratory Flyway

Fries

Nolting

Bowman

et al. 2015

J Virol

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While geographic distance often restricts the spread of pathogens via hosts, this barrier may be compromised when host species are mobile. Migratory waterfowl in the order Anseriformes are important reservoir hosts for diverse populations of avian-origin influenza A viruses (AIVs) and are assumed to spread AIVs during their annual continental-scale migrations. However, support for this hypothesis is limited, and it is rarely tested using data from comprehensive surveillance efforts incorporating both the temporal and spatial aspects of host migratory patterns. We conducted intensive AIV surveillance of waterfowl using the North American Mississippi Migratory Flyway (MMF) over three autumn migratory seasons. Viral isolates (n ‫؍‬ 297) from multiple host species were sequenced and analyzed for patterns of gene dispersal between northern staging and southern wintering locations. Using a phylogenetic and nucleotide identity framework, we observed a larger amount of gene dispersal within this flyway rather than between the other three longitudinally identified North American flyways. Across seasons, we observed patterns of regional persistence of diversity for each genomic segment, along with limited survival of dispersed AIV gene lineages. Reassortment increased with both time and distance, resulting in transient AIV constellations. This study shows that within the MMF, AIV gene flow favors spread along the migratory corridor within a season, and also that intensive surveillance during bird migration is important for identifying virus dispersal on time scales relevant to pandemic responsiveness. In addition, this study indicates that comprehensive monitoring programs to capture AIV diversity are critical for providing insight into AIV evolution and ecology in a major natural reservoir. IMPORTANCEMigratory birds are a reservoir for antigenic and genetic diversity of influenza A viruses (AIVs) and are implicated in the spread of virus diversity that has contributed to previous pandemic events. Evidence for dispersal of avian-origin AIVs by migratory birds is rarely examined on temporal scales relevant to pandemic or panzootic threats. Therefore, characterizing AIV movement by hosts within a migratory season is important for implementing effective surveillance strategies. We conducted surveillance following birds along a major North American migratory route and observed that within a migratory season, AIVs rapidly reassorted and gene lineages were dispersed primarily within the migratory corridor. Patterns of regional persistence were observed across seasons for each gene segment. We show that dispersal of AIV gene lineages by migratory birds occurs quickly along migratory routes and that surveillance for AIVs threatening human and animal health should focus attention on these routes.

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Characterization of a highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus derived from bar-headed geese in China

Cited by 88 publications

References 34 publications

Characterization of duck H5N1 influenza viruses with differing pathogenicity in mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) ducks

Characterization of duck H5N1 influenza viruses with differing pathogenicity in mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) ducks

The effect of age on the pathogenesis of a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus in Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) infected experimentally

Spread and Persistence of Influenza A Viruses in Waterfowl Hosts in the North American Mississippi Migratory Flyway

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