“…In this work, TSA and VSA processes were simulated using ASPEN Adsim. All of the experimental data used in the simulation were experimentally obtained and reported in the previous works by Shahkarami et al ,,, Gas-phase energy balance includes thermal conduction, convection of energy, accumulation of heat, compression, and heat transfer from gas to solid. These terms are shown in the governing partial differential equation as follows: where k ga is the effective axial gas-phase thermal conductivity (MW m –1 K –1 ), T g is the gas-phase temperature (K), C vg is the specific gas-phase heat capacity at a constant volume (MJ kmol –1 K –1 ), ρ g is the gas-phase molar density (kmol/m 3 ), P is the pressure (bar), v g is superficial velocity (m/s), r p is the particle radius (m), HTC is the gas–solid heat transfer coefficient (MJ/m 2 /s), and T s is the solid-phase temperature (K).…”