Characterization of a Gene That Is Expressed Early in Somatic Embryogenesis of Daucus carota

Somatic Embryogenesis: A Model for Early Development in Higher Plants

“…The LEA genes lsolated from carrot somatic embryos include representatives of all four described groups of LEA proteins, which are characterized by significant homology in either amino acid composition or general protein structure (Dure et al, 1989). All of the carrot LEA genes that have been analyzed to date show detectable expression in callus cells (some, like ECP31 and ECP40, are highly expressed in the PEMs of callus cell cultures), and most of the LEA transcripts increase significantly in abundance in somatic embryos at the heart stage (Choi et al, 1987;Wilde et al, 1988;Franz et al, 1989;Kiyosue et al, 1992Kiyosue et al, , 1993Wurtele et al, 1993). Indeed, we have found the LEAs to be the most abundant and differentially expressed mRNAs in somatic embryos, as compared to callus cells (X. Lin, G-J.…”

“…In addition to the analysis of regulatory mechanisms governing the expression of LEA genes in embryogenesis, an investigation of the distribution and timing of EMB-1 LEA gene expression in somatic and zygotic embryos of carrot has been performed (Wurtele et al, 1993). In situ hybridization analysis showed that EMB-1 mRNA begins to accumulate uniformly in both somatic and zygotic globular embryos, which is significantly earlier in development than the time of maximum production of LEA proteins.…”

Development of the embryo proper and the suspensor during plant embryogenesis

“…The process of plantlet induction from somatic cells is called somatic embryogenesis, in which development of somatic embryos closely resembles to that of zygotic embryos. In addition, the spatial and temporal aspects of the programs of gene expression and the accumulation of storage proteins appear to be similar in somatic and zygotic embryos (Borkird et al 1988;Kiyosue et al 1992Kiyosue et al , 1993Wurtele et al 1993;Zimmerman 1993).…”

Changes in Protein Pattern during Stress-induction of Carrot (Daucus carota L.) Somatic Embryogenesis.

“…However, most of the genes and proteins isolated were related to storage protein synthesis or late embryogenesis (Due et al, 1989, Baker et al, 1988 [15,16] and few were related to early embryogenesis (Wurtele et al, 1993, Sato et al, 1995, Lin et al, 1996 [3][4][5]. So we analyzed the biochemical changes prerequisite for induction of somatic embryogenesis by comparing some stressinduced somatic embryogenesis in carrot.…”

“…Especially, in carrot somatic embryogenesis which is the most established experimental system, a lot of molecular biological analyses have been conducted on the developmental processes of somatic embryos (Wurtele et al, 1993, Sato et al, 1995, Lin et al, 1996 [3][4][5] . It is well known that carrot somatic embryogenesis can be readily induced by transferring somatic tissues cultured on 2,4 -dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) -containing medium to 2,4-D-free medium.…”