Characterization of a Gene Encoding a Basic Protein of the Spermatid Nucleus, TNP2, and its Close Linkage to the Protamine Genes in the Bull

Reinhart, Notker; Kremling, Hannelore; Luerssen, Hartmut; Adham, Ibrahim M.; Engel, Wolfgang

doi:10.1515/bchm3.1991.372.1.431

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This protein is characterized by a high amount of serine and proline and the presence of cysteine. The sequences of TP2 known to date (rat, mouse, bull, boar, and man) have been derived from the nucleotidic sequence of the genes encoding for these proteins (Kleene and Flynn, 1987;Luerssen et al, 1989;Reinhart et al, 1991;Keime et al, 1992;Schluter et al, 1992).…”

Section: Transition Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of mammalian spermatozoal nucleoproteins

Dadoune

2003

Microscopy Res & Technique

153

110

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A dramatic remodeling of sperm chromatin occurs during mammalian spermiogenesis. Nuclear elongation and chromatin condensation are concomitant with modifications in the basic protein complement associated with DNA. A number of biochemical events accompany the displacement of histones and the appearance of protamines in elongating spermatids. The mRNAs of transition proteins and protamines are transcribed and stored in the cytoplasm of spermatids until days later when they are translated. The intrinsic regulation of the expression of the transition protein and protamine genes occurs at three levels: transcription, translation, and posttranslation. The aim of this review is to cover most of the morphological, biochemical, and functional events which concern nuclear protein transitions during spermiogenesis and which are thereby involved in the nuclear status of ejaculated sperm cells.

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Section: Transition Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of mammalian spermatozoal nucleoproteins

Dadoune

2003

Microscopy Res & Technique

153

110

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“…In the rat, PRM l and TNP2 have been assigned to chromo some 10, whereas TNPl has been localized to chromosome 9 (Adham et al, 1991). In the boar and bull, the chromosomal localization of the four spermatid-specific genes is not yet known.…”

Section: Prm1 Prm2 Tnp2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All four genes are composed of two exons and one intron. The genes are expressed in haploid spermatids and are translationally regulated (Hecht, 1989;Reinhart et al" 1991).In the human, both protamine genes have been mapped to 16p 13.3 by in situ hybridization (Viguie et ah. 1990).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The genes for protamine 1 and 2 (PRM1 and PRM2) and transition protein 2 (TNP2) are closely linked in the mammalian genome

Engel

Keime

Kremling

et al. 1992

Cytogenet Genome Res

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The genes for two protamines (PRM1 and PRM2) and for two transition proteins (TNP1 and TNP2) have been characterized in several mammalian species. In the human, boar, and bull, the genes for PRM1, PRM2, and TNP2 are closely linked over a stretch of DNA 13–15 kb long. Although similar data are not yet available for the mouse and rat, our results suggest that the three genes are similarly linked in these species. The gene for TNP 1 in all species studied is located on another chromosome.

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“…The morphological alterations contributing to spermatid differentiation are associated with the modification of nuclear chromatin organization [Fawcett et al 1971;Dooher and Bennett 1973]. In this step, spermatids undergo significant condensation of chromatin, which exploits testis-specific nuclear proteins [Reinhart et al 1991;Yan et al 2003]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HILS1, TNP1, TNP2, PRM1, and PRM2 contribute to considerable dense packing of spermatid chromatin during spermiogenesis [Reinhart et al 1991;Yan et al 2003;Tanaka and Baba 2005]. The initial condensation of the round spermatid's chromatin includes replacement of somatic histones with TNP1 and TNP2 [Tanaka and Baba 2005].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Assessment of Transition Proteins 1, 2 Spermatid-Specific Linker Histone H1-Like Protein Transcripts in Spermatozoa from Normozoospermic and Asthenozoospermic Men

Jȩdrzejczak

Kempisty

Bryja

et al. 2007

Archives of Andrology

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Spermatid-specific linker histone H1-like protein (HILS1), transition proteins 1 and 2 (TNP1 and TNP2), and protamines 1 and 2 (PRM1 and PRM2) contribute to considerable dense packing of spermatid chromatin during spermiogenesis. We evaluated the HILS1, TNP1, and TNP2 transcript levels in spermatozoa isolated from normozoospermic and asthenozoospermic men. Human ejaculates from normozoospermic (n ¼ 70) and asthenozoospermic (n ¼ 100) donors were purified by centrifugation through a discontinuous Percoll density gradient. RNA was isolated from spermatozoa according to the Chomczyński and Sacchi method, treated with DNase I and reverse-transcribed into cDNA. Quantitative analysis of HILS1, TNP1, and TNP2 transcripts was performed by real-time quantitative (RQ-PCR) SYBR green I analysis. We found significantly lower levels of HILS1, TNP1, and TNP2 transcripts in spermatozoa from asthenozoospermic men compared to normozoospermic men. Our observations suggest that a reduction in HILS1, TNP1, and TNP2 transcripts may be associated with asthenozoospermia.

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Characterization of a Gene Encoding a Basic Protein of the Spermatid Nucleus, TNP2, and its Close Linkage to the Protamine Genes in the Bull

Cited by 28 publications

References 9 publications

Expression of mammalian spermatozoal nucleoproteins

Expression of mammalian spermatozoal nucleoproteins

The genes for protamine 1 and 2 (PRM1 and PRM2) and transition protein 2 (TNP2) are closely linked in the mammalian genome

Quantitative Assessment of Transition Proteins 1, 2 Spermatid-Specific Linker Histone H1-Like Protein Transcripts in Spermatozoa from Normozoospermic and Asthenozoospermic Men

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