Characterization of a flagellar sheath protein of Vibrio cholerae

Hranitzky, K W; Mulholland, Adrian J.; Larson, A. D.; Eubanks, E R; Hart, L. T.

doi:10.1128/iai.27.2.597-603.1980

Cited by 41 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…A membrane sheath covers the flagellar core and appears to be contiguous with the outer membrane (114). The proteins associated with the flagellar sheath have been variously reported to be three polypeptides of 56, 60, and 61.5 kDa (179) or two proteins of 38 and 40 kDa (410). Antibodies against the 38-and 40-kDa proteins inhibited motility of V. cholerae, but these proteins did not induce protective immunity against disease in the rabbit (368).…”

Section: Colonization Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A variety of workers have shown that nonmotile, fully enterotoxinogenic mutants are naturally diminished in virulence (10,149,365,391). In addition to its role in motility, it has also been suggested that the flagellum serves as an adhesin (10,93,179). One relevant issue concerns whether it is the mere presence of a flagellum that is sufficient for colonization or whether it is the actual property of motility that is important.…”

Section: Colonization Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cholera

1995

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Despite more than a century of study, cholera still presents challenges and surprises to us. Throughout most of the 20th century, cholera was caused by Vibrio cholerae of the O1 serogroup and the disease was largely confined to Asia and Africa. However, the last decade of the 20th century has witnessed two major developments in the history of this disease. In 1991, a massive outbreak of cholera started in South America, the one continent previously untouched by cholera in this century. In 1992, an apparently new pandemic caused by a previously unknown serogroup of V. cholerae (O139) began in India and Bangladesh. The O139 epidemic has been occurring in populations assumed to be largely immune to V. cholerae O1 and has rapidly spread to many countries including the United States. In this review, we discuss all aspects of cholera, including the clinical microbiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical features of the disease. Special attention will be paid to the extraordinary advances that have been made in recent years in unravelling the molecular pathogenesis of this infection and in the development of new generations of vaccines to prevent it.

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Section: Colonization Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Colonization Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholera

1995

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“…Microscopic studies together with immunolabelling analyses revealed that the single-flagellum sheath is a continuation of the cell wall (Glauert, 1968;Fuerst and Perry, 1988;Burygin et al, 2007). Interestingly, Hranitzky et al have reported that although the sheath protein was detected on the flagellum as well as on the outer membrane of the V. cholerae cells, antibody specific for lipopolysaccharide labelled the cell but not the sheathed flagellum (Hranitzky et al, 1980). Therefore, they proposed that the sheath is not a simple extension of the outer membrane.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most extensively studied are polar and peritrichous flagella. Interestingly, the polar flagella are surrounded by sheaths in several bacteria including marine Vibrio species (Furuno et al, 2000;McCarter, 2001), Vibrio cholerae (Hranitzky et al, 1980;Fuerst and Perry, 1988), Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus (Thomashow and Rittenberg, 1985), Pseudomonas stizolobii (Fuerst and Hayward, 1969), Helicobacter pylori (Geis et al, 1993;Luke and Penn, 1995;O'Toole et al, 1995) and Azospirillum brasilense (Burygin et al, 2007). Each sheath encloses one flagellar filament.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…How a sheathed flagellum rotates has not been elucidated, and little is known about the composition, formation or function of flagellar sheaths. Evidence from these organisms suggests that the sheath contains both lipopolysaccharide and proteins with molecular weight ranging from 18 to 61 kDa (Hranitzky et al, 1980;Jones et al, 1997;Furuno et al, 2000). The sheath protein HpaA of H. pylori has been localized in the cytoplasm (O'Toole et al, 1995) or on the flagellar sheath (Jones et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Calcium ion‐mediated assembly and function of glycosylated flagellar sheath of marine magnetotactic bacterium

Lefèvre

Santini

Bernadac

et al. 2010

Molecular Microbiology

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SummaryFlagella of some pathogens or marine microbes are sheathed by an apparent extension of the outer cell membrane. Although flagellar sheath has been reported for almost 60 years, little is known about its function and the mechanism of its assembly. Recently, we have observed a novel type of sheath that encloses a flagellar bundle, instead of a single flagellum, in a marine magnetotactic bacterium MO-1. Here, we reported isolation and characterization of the sheath which can be described as a six-start, right-handed helical tubular structure with a diameter of about 100 nm, and a pitch of helix of about 260 nm. By proteomic, microscopic and immunolabelling analyses, we showed that the sheath of MO-1 consists of glycoprotein with an apparent molecular mass > 350 kDa. This protein, named sheathassociated protein (Sap), shows homology with bacterial adhesins and eukaryotic calcium-dependent adherent proteins (cadherin). Most importantly, we showed that calcium ions mediate the assembly of the tubular-shaped sheath and disintegration of the sheath was deleterious for smooth swimming of MO-1 cells. The disintegrated sheath was efficiently reconstituted in vitro by adding calcium ions. Altogether, these results demonstrate a novel bacterial Ca 2+ -dependent surface architecture, which is essential for bacterial swimming.

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Invited review: Bacterial flagellar sheaths: Structures in search of a function

1983

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Although bacterial flagellar sheaths were observed over 30 years ago, they may still be characterized as structures in search of a function. In addition to true sheaths, bacterial flagella may possess other adornments that cause an increase in the organelle's cross-sectional diameter. These "complex flagella" are sharply differentiated from sheathed flagella. Immunological and chemical distinctions have been found between flagellar sheaths, flagellar cores, and LPS layers inferred to be the sheath sensu stricto. Although complex flagella may serve as specific receptors for flagellotropic phages or in allowing for more efficient swimming in viscous environments, similar functions have not yet been attributed to true sheaths. It is postulated that flagellar sheaths may allow for specific interaction between a bacterium and a surface. In addition, there is a problem as to the relationship between a rapidly rotating flagellum and the sheath.

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Characterization of a flagellar sheath protein of Vibrio cholerae

Cited by 41 publications

References 17 publications

Cholera

Cholera

Calcium ion‐mediated assembly and function of glycosylated flagellar sheath of marine magnetotactic bacterium

Invited review: Bacterial flagellar sheaths: Structures in search of a function

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