Porous materials (such as zeolites, clay minerals, and assemblies of oxide nanoparticles) are of great importance for the progress in many technological and environmental fields, such as catalysis, adsorption, separation, and ion exchange, because of their unique pore topologies, tunable structures, and the possibility of introducing active reaction sites.The major goal of this special issue is to provide a platform for scientists to discuss new insights in the stability, structure, and properties of porous materials, as well as in innovative aspects in their processing and applications. The emphasis is on the relationships between the structure and/or chemical composition and the specific physical properties of these materials, as well as their role in mineralogical, technological, green, and sustainable processes. With this special issue of Minerals, we have endeavored to provide an up-to-date selection of high-quality original and review papers concerning the physical, chemical, and structural characterization of porous materials, the synthesis of crystalline phases with pores in the appropriate range, structure-property relationships at ambient conditions but also at high temperatures and/or at high pressures, adsorption, and diffusion of mobile species in porous materials, host/guest interactions and confinement effects, ion exchange, modeling in geological and environmental processes, and new insights in processing and applications. In total, eight fashionable contributions reflect both the diversity and interdisciplinary of modern mineralogy, bridging together experimentalists and computational approaches.The review presented by Bandura et al.[1] is dedicated to the decontamination strategies available today for the removal of petroleum substances and their derivatives from roads, water, and air. Specifically, this paper presents an overview of recent research papers concerning porous (natural, synthetic, and modified mineral adsorbents) materials used as adsorbents for petroleum pollutants, present in water and spilled on land, occurring as oils, petroleum industry derivatives, and volatile compounds. Environmental pollution with petroleum products has become a major problem worldwide and is a consequence of industrial growth. The development of sustainable methods for the removal of petroleum substances and their derivatives from aquatic and terrestrial environments and from air has therefore become extremely important today.Advanced technologies and materials dedicated to this purpose are relatively expensive. Among several techniques developed for BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) removal from waters, adsorption is one of the most efficient methods, thanks to satisfactory efficiencies (even at low concentrations), easy operation, and low cost [2,3].Recently, adsorption on hydrophobic zeolites has received the greatest interest in water treatment technology due to their organic contaminant selectivity, thermal and chemical stability, strong mechanical properties, rapid kinetics, and abs...