Characterization of a Crabs Claw Gene in Basal Eudicot Species Epimedium sagittatum (Berberidaceae)

Sun, Wei; Huang, Wenjun; Li, Zhineng; Lv, Haiyan; Huang, Hongwen; Wang, Ying

doi:10.3390/ijms14011119

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…5). While a carpel marker gene would have allowed us to ascertain carpel identity of the homeotic organ at the molecular level, the marker that has been used in other species, CRABSCLAW (CRC) (Dreni et al, 2007;Orashakova et al, 2009), is not carpel-specific in Ranunculids that are more closely related to our study system (Lee et al, 2005;Sun et al, 2013). Nevertheless, we find that several features of morphological resemblance of the homeotic organs to carpels (compare Fig.…”

Section: Down-regulation Of Thtag2 Suggests a Function In Ovule-identitymentioning

confidence: 56%

Sub-functionalization to ovule development following duplication of a floral organ identity gene

Galimba

Stilio

2015

Developmental Biology

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Gene duplications result in paralogs that may be maintained due to the gain of novel functions (neo-functionalization) or the partitioning of ancestral function (sub-functionalization). Plant genomes are especially prone to duplication; paralogs are particularly widespread in the floral MADS box transcription factors that control organ identity through the ABC model of flower development. C class genes establish stamen and carpel identity and control floral meristem determinacy, and are largely conserved across the angiosperm phylogeny. Originally, an additional D class had been identified as controlling ovule identity; yet subsequent studies indicated that both C and D lineage genes more commonly control ovule development redundantly. The ranunculid Thalictrum thalictroides has two orthologs of the Arabidopsis thaliana C class gene AGAMOUS (AG), ThtAG1 and ThtAG2 (Thalictrum thalictroides AGAMOUS1/2). We previously showed that ThtAG1 exhibits typical C class function; here we examine the role of its paralog, ThtAG2. Our phylogenetic analysis shows that ThtAG2 falls within the C lineage, together with ThtAG1, and is consistent with previous findings of a Ranunculales-specific duplication in this clade. However, ThtAG2 is not expressed in stamens, but rather solely in carpels and ovules. This female-specific expression pattern is consistent with D lineage genes, and with other C lineage genes known to be involved in ovule identity. Given the divergent expression of ThtAG2, we tested the hypothesis that it has acquired ovule identity function. Molecular evolution analyses showed evidence of positive selection on ThtAG2-a pattern that supports divergence of function by sub-functionalization. Down-regulation of ThtAG2 by virus-induced gene silencing resulted in homeotic conversions of ovules into carpel-like structures. Taken together, our results suggest that, although ThtAG2 falls within the C lineage, it has diverged to acquire "D function" as an ovule identity gene, and does not appear to require a direct interaction with the ThtAG1 protein. We therefore present a functional example of ovule identity being specified by either a single gene or a gene pair within the C lineage, with no D lineage contribution. In conclusion, following a Ranunculales-wide duplication in the AG lineage, functional divergence has led to the evolution of ovule identity-specificity in a T. thalictroides C lineage gene.

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Section: Down-regulation Of Thtag2 Suggests a Function In Ovule-identitymentioning

confidence: 56%

Sub-functionalization to ovule development following duplication of a floral organ identity gene

Galimba

Stilio

2015

Developmental Biology

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“…Interestingly, Lee and colleagues (Fourquin et al, 2005) detected CRC expression in extrafloral nectaries, e.g., in the leaf axil positioned nectaries of Capparis flexuosa, and in the nectaries that develop from the midvein of leaves and cotyledons and on the involucral bracts in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). On the other hand, CRC expression could not be detected in the nectaries of the basal eudicot species Aquilegia formosa (Fourquin et al, 2005) or Epimedium sagittatum (Sun et al, 2013). In summary, nectary development may involve CRC function, but its activation may not necessarily depend on C-lineage genes, or nectary development can even occur independently from CRC.…”

Section: Diversity Of Nectary Positioning and The C-lineage/crc Modulementioning

confidence: 87%

“…Furthermore, the result of a heterologous virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) experiment suggested conservation of CRC function in Nicotiana benthamiana nectary development. In contrast, no evidence of CRC expression in nectaries of basal eudicot species was found (Lee et al, 2005a;Sun et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

The Floral C-Lineage Genes Trigger Nectary Development in Petunia and Arabidopsis

et al. 2018

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To attract insects, flowers produce nectar, an energy-rich substance secreted by specialized organs called nectaries. For Arabidopsis thaliana, a rosid species with stamen-associated nectaries, the floral B-, C-, and E-functions were proposed to redundantly regulate nectary development. Here, we investigated the molecular basis of carpel-associated nectary development in the asterid species petunia (Petunia hybrida). We show that its euAGAMOUS (euAG) and PLENA (PLE) C-lineage MADS box proteins are essential for nectary development, while their overexpression is sufficient to induce ectopic nectaries on sepals. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Arabidopsis nectary development also fully depends on euAG/PLE C-lineage genes. In turn, we show that petunia nectary development depends on two homologs of CRABS CLAW (CRC), a gene previously shown to be required for Arabidopsis nectary development, and demonstrate that CRC expression in both species depends on the members of both euAG/PLE C-sublineages. Therefore, petunia and Arabidopsis employ a similar molecular mechanism underlying nectary development, despite otherwise major differences in the evolutionary trajectory of their C-lineage genes, their distant phylogeny, and different nectary positioning. However, unlike in Arabidopsis, petunia nectary development is position independent within the flower. Finally, we show that the TARGET OF EAT-type BLIND ENHANCER and APETALA2-type REPRESSOR OF B-FUNCTION genes act as major regulators of nectary size.

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“…The role of CRC in floral meristem termination is also shared between eudicots and monocots. However, CRC ‐like genes are not expressed in the nectaries of columbine and barrentwort, both basal eudicots (Lee, ; Sun et al ., ). The study by Min et al .…”

Section: Looking For the Master Regulator(s) Of Nectariesmentioning

confidence: 97%

How to be STYLISH: columbine study sheds new light on the obscure mechanisms of nectary formation

Moyroud

2018

New Phytologist

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Characterization of a Crabs Claw Gene in Basal Eudicot Species Epimedium sagittatum (Berberidaceae)

Cited by 18 publications

References 34 publications

Sub-functionalization to ovule development following duplication of a floral organ identity gene

Sub-functionalization to ovule development following duplication of a floral organ identity gene

The Floral C-Lineage Genes Trigger Nectary Development in Petunia and Arabidopsis

How to be STYLISH: columbine study sheds new light on the obscure mechanisms of nectary formation

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