Characterization of a bipolar parallel-plate electrochemical reactor for water disinfection using low conductivity drinking water

Henquín, E. R.; Colli, Alejandro Nicolás; Bergmann, M. E. Henry; Bisang, Jose Maria

doi:10.1016/j.cep.2012.12.007

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…However, in special applications with low ion concentrations, e.g., in water disinfection electrolysis383940, ion conduction could be limiting in thick electrodes without reaching the critical concentration. In this thick electrode limit with L > l c , increasing the electrode thickness has no effect on the performance; it simply increases the inactive part of the electrode ( cf .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to Enhance Gas Removal from Porous Electrodes?

Kadyk

Bruce

Eikerling

2016

Sci Rep

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This article presents a structure-based modeling approach to optimize gas evolution at an electrolyte-flooded porous electrode. By providing hydrophobic islands as preferential nucleation sites on the surface of the electrode, it is possible to nucleate and grow bubbles outside of the pore space, facilitating their release into the electrolyte. Bubbles that grow at preferential nucleation sites act as a sink for dissolved gas produced in electrode reactions, effectively suctioning it from the electrolyte-filled pores. According to the model, high oversaturation is necessary to nucleate bubbles inside of the pores. The high oversaturation allows establishing large concentration gradients in the pores that drive a diffusion flux towards the preferential nucleation sites. This diffusion flux keeps the pores bubble-free, avoiding deactivation of the electrochemically active surface area of the electrode as well as mechanical stress that would otherwise lead to catalyst degradation. The transport regime of the dissolved gas, viz. diffusion control vs. transfer control at the liquid-gas interface, determines the bubble growth law.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to Enhance Gas Removal from Porous Electrodes?

Kadyk

Bruce

Eikerling

2016

Sci Rep

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“…Recent papers demonstrate that it is a more than promising technology with results that currently overcome limitations of other widely used technologies [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. There are several approaches to attain the electro-disinfection (ED) of water or wastewater, such as, UV disinfection, ozone, chlorine... One of the most interesting is that based on the direct electrolysis of the water (or wastewater) to be disinfected without the further addition of chemicals, as occur in conventional disinfection processes [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of DiaCell modules for the electro-disinfection of secondary-treated wastewater with diamond anodes

Cano

Barrera

Cotillas

et al. 2016

Chemical Engineering Journal

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In this work, the disinfection of the effluent of the secondary treatment of a municipal wastewater treatment plant is studied using two stacks of commercial electrochemical cells powered with very low current densities (0.14-10 A m-2), in order to prevent the formation of chlorates and perchlorates during the electrolysis. Results demonstrate that this technology is robust and efficient and it can attain the complete disinfection of wastewater even at very low current densities. These low current densities are high enough to produce hypochlorite and chloramines (when ammonium is present in solution), being the disinfection process more efficient when the concentration of chloramines is higher. Therefore, the presence of hypochlorite together with higher concentrations of chloramines significantly improve the removal of microorganisms. In comparing the two stacks studied in this work, it was obtained that commercial DiaCell stacks containing bipolar connected electrodes are more efficient than those containing monopolar-connected electrodes for the disinfection. Differences are explained in terms of the higher cell voltage applied in that stack (higher current density in bipolar stack) that results in (1) an improved reduction of nitrates to ammonium (BDD cathode in bipolar stack) with the latter formation of chloramines as the main positive effect and (2) in the increase in the power consumed as the primary negative consequence.

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“…In this context, conductive-diamond electrochemical oxidation (CDEO) has demonstrated great efficiencies in the disinfection of urban treated wastewater (Cano et al 2012 and in the removal of anthropogenic refractory species. Regarding disinfection, the oxidants electrochemically produced from chlorides, sulfates and other anions contained in wastewater are the main responsible for pathogens inactivation (Bergmann &Koparal 2005, Henquin et al 2013, Lacasa et al 2013, Rajab et al 2015. It has been demonstrated that the application of low current densities helps to attain complete disinfection of wastewater, avoiding the potential formation of undesirable chlorine species (Cano et al 2011.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scale-up of electrolytic and photoelectrolytic processes for water reclaiming: a preliminary study

Vidales

Cotillas

Perez-Serrano

et al. 2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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This work focuses on the scale-up of electrochemical and photoelectrochemical oxidation processes with diamond anodes for the removal of organic pollutants and disinfection of treated urban wastewater, two of the most important parameters for the reclaiming of wastewater. The removal of organics was studied with actual biologically treated urban wastewater intensified with 100 mg dm(-3) of caffeine, added as a trace organic pollutant. The disinfection was also studied with biologically treated urban wastewater, and Escherichia coli was used to monitor the efficiency of the process. Results obtained with a single DiaCell® 101 were compared with those obtained with a single-stack DiaCell® 1001 and with a pilot plant made up of five of these stacks. Results obtained demonstrate that scale-up is not a simple but a very complex process, in which not only the electrode and the irradiation dose are important but also mass transfer conditions. Enhanced mass transport conditions have a determining and very positive effect on the removal of organics and a negative effect on the disinfection. Likewise, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation affects in a different way in the different setups used, having a great influence on the removal of complex organics and on the speciation of oxidants produced during disinfection. This works helps to understand the key differences observed in the scale-up, and it is a first approach for future works focused on the real application of conductive diamond electrochemical oxidation.

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Characterization of a bipolar parallel-plate electrochemical reactor for water disinfection using low conductivity drinking water

Cited by 23 publications

References 22 publications

How to Enhance Gas Removal from Porous Electrodes?

How to Enhance Gas Removal from Porous Electrodes?

Use of DiaCell modules for the electro-disinfection of secondary-treated wastewater with diamond anodes

Scale-up of electrolytic and photoelectrolytic processes for water reclaiming: a preliminary study

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