Characterization of a 1980-swine recombinant influenza virus possessing H1 hemagglutinin and N2 neuraminidase similar to that of the earliest Hong Kong (H3N2) virus

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During the 1988/1989 influenza season, five antigenic reassortant influenza A (H 1N2) viruses not previously isolated from man were isolated in Hebei province, People's Republic of China. All isolates contained haemagglutinins (HAs) and neuraminidases (NAs) which were antigenically similar to those of the recent Russian (H1N1) and Hong Kong influenza A (H3N2) viruses, respectively. The results of antigenic and nucleotide sequence analyses revealed that the genes encoding the polymerase, nucleoprotein, NA, matrix and non-structural proteins of the reassortant A/Hebei/24/89 (H1N2) virus were derived from the H3N2 parent virus, whereas its HA gene was from the H1N1 parent virus. The nucleotide sequences of the HA (encoding the HA1 subunit) and NA genes of the reassortant viruses were also determined. Phylogenetic trees constructed from these data by the neighbourjoining method revealed that the HA gene of the reassortant virus was cl6sely related to those of recent human H 1N 1 viruses, whereas the NA gene was related to a recent human Hong Kong (H3N2) virus lineage.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Origin and evolutionary characteristics of antigenic reassortant influenza A (H1N2) viruses isolated from man in China

Li¹,

Zhao²,

Gao³

et al. 1992

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“…However, antigenic analysis of a second recombinant (swEH80) using monoclonal antibodies (Nerome et al, 1985) gave the same result as the pairwise sequence analysis, suggesting that the NA gene of swEH80 may have been introduced from a virus closely related to the swHK376 virus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…In a previous antigenic analysis using a panel of monoclonal antibodies, the NAs of swEH80 and swKA278 were suggested to have been derived from an A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2)-like strain and an A/Victoria/3/75 (H3N2) (VIC375)-like strain, respectively (Nerome et al, 1983(Nerome et al, , 1985. In order to determine their relationship in more detail, we compared the number of nucleotide and amino acid sequence differences between human and swine virus N2 NA genes (Table 1).…”

Section: Comparison Of the Nucleotide And Deduced Amino Acid Sequencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolutionary pathways of N2 neuraminidases of swine and human influenza A viruses: origin of the neuraminidase genes of two reassortants (H1N2) isolated from pigs

Nerome

Kanegae

Yoshioka

et al. 1991

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The complete nucleotide sequences of the neuraminidase (NA) genes of two reassortant (H1N2) and two H3N2 influenza A viruses isolated from pigs were determined and phylogenetic relationships between these and previously reported N2 NA genes were investigated. On the basis of pairwise nucleotide sequence identity, the NA genes of two reassortants, A/sw/Kanagawa/2/78 and A/sw/Ehime/1/80, were most closely related to those of human influenza A virus strains isolated in 1972 and the earliest available swine H3N2 influenza A viruses, respectively. Phylogenetic trees showed that the NA genes can be segregated into three groups, including lineages for (i) swine strains, (ii) the earliest human strain and (iii) recent human strains. The evolutionary tree for the 11 nucleotide and amino acid sequences suggested that the NAs of A/sw/HK/4/76 and A/sw/Kanagawa/2/78 belong to the lineage for recent human viruses. In contrast, the NA genes of the A/sw/HK/3/76 and H1N2 reassortant A/sw/Ehime/1/80 viruses were found to be of a swine lineage. The swine virus NA genes were further characterized by the cocirculation of two distinct lineages. Although the rates of synonymous (silent) substitutions for the swine and human viruses were nearly identical (0.00946 to 0.00884 per site per year), the rate of non-synonymous (amino acid changing) substitutions for swine virus NA genes was about 60% of that for the human virus.

“…It was evident that this virus contained a neuraminidase (NA) antigen that was nearly identical to that of early human Hong Kong virus (Nerome et al, 1985). Subsequently, phylogenetic analysis of the NA gene defined its evolutionary pathway, suggesting that early Hong Kong virus still circulates in the swine population in Japan .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large outbreak of swine influenza in southern Japan caused by reassortant (H1N2) influenza viruses: its epizootic background and characterization of the causative viruses

Ouchi

Nerome

Kanegae

et al. 1996

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In the winter of 1989 and the spring of 1990, there were large outbreaks of respiratory disease in two swine herds in Nagasaki Prefecture, southern Japan. Serological surveillance indicated that the majority of swine possessed antibodies to swine influenza virus H 1 haemagglutinin and neuraminidase of early H3N2 influenza virus strains. Eight viruses were isolated from swine that showed typical clinical symptoms of influenza. The haemagglutinin and neuraminidase of these isolates were closely related to those of swine HIN1 and early human H3N2 viruses, respectively. At least two types of haemagglutinin antigens, distinguished by two monoclonal antibodies, were involved in the outbreaks. Evolutionary analyses indicated that the haemagglutinin gene of the H1 N2 reassortants was closely related to those of a recent swine lineage (A/sw/HK/1/74 and A/sw/Ehime/1/80 viruses). However, the neuraminidase genes of the HI N2 reassortants were similar to those of swine N2 viruses which in turn are related to early human H3N2 viruses. A comparison of partial nucleotide sequences revealed that the six other genes of A/sw/Nagasaki/ 1/89 were derived from those of swine H 1 N 1 virus.