Characterization of 9Cr-1MoVNb steel by anomalous small-angle X-ray scattering

Jemian, P.R.; Weertman, J.; Long, Gabrielle G.; Spal, R.

doi:10.1016/0956-7151(91)90062-6

Cited by 81 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…To be able to extract microstructural information from the 2D raw SAXS data images, the data sets were normalized, and transformed into intensity versus reciprocal length (q) graphs. The extraction of a compositional wavelength from these graphs was performed using the software Igor Pro with the Irena package and the maximum entropy method by Jemian, 31 where a Gaussian function was fitted to the resulting size distribution. The presented wavelengths here are the peak values from the radius size distributions multiplied by four.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure evolution during the isostructural decomposition of TiAlN—A combined in-situ small angle x-ray scattering and phase field study

Knutsson

Ullbrand

Rogström

et al. 2013

Journal of Applied Physics

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This paper describes details of the spinodal decomposition and coarsening in metastable cubic Ti0.33Al0.67N and Ti0.50Al0.50N coatings during isothermal annealing, studied by in-situ small angle x-ray scattering, in combination with phase field simulations. We show that the isostructural decomposition occurs in two stages. During the initial stage, spinodal decomposition, of the Ti0.50Al0.50N alloy, the phase separation proceeds with a constant compositional wavelength of ∼2.8 nm of the AlN- and TiN-rich domains. The time for spinodal decomposition depends on annealing temperature as well as alloy composition. After the spinodal decomposition, the coherent cubic AlN- and TiN-rich domains coarsen. The coarsening rate is kinetically limited by diffusion, which allowed us to estimate the diffusivity and activation energy of the metals to 1.4 × 10−6 m2 s−1 and 3.14 eV at−1, respectively.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure evolution during the isostructural decomposition of TiAlN—A combined in-situ small angle x-ray scattering and phase field study

Knutsson

Ullbrand

Rogström

et al. 2013

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…The line-outs were then fitted to a size distribution function using the maximum entropy method 27 in the IRENA package for IGOR 28 assuming spherical particles. The scattering contrast was estimated using the scattering contrast calculator in the IRENA package.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase transformations in nanocomposite ZrAlN thin films during annealing

et al. 2012

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Nanocomposite Zr 0.52 Al 0.48 N 1.11 thin films consisting of crystalline grains surrounded by an amorphous matrix were deposited using cathodic arc evaporation. The structure evolution after annealing of the films was studied using high-energy x-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy. The mechanical properties were characterized by nanoindentation on as-deposited and annealed films. After annealing in temperatures of 1050-1400°C, nucleation and grain growth of cubic ZrN takes place in the film. This increases the hardness, which reaches a maximum, while parts of the film remain amorphous. Grain growth of the hexagonal AlN phase occurs above 1300°C.

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“…Data treatment and experimental setup are detailed in Wengeler et al [14]. The volume distributions were obtained by fitting the scattering curve with a maximum entropy method [20] using a program developed by Jemian et al [21].…”

Section: Validation With Sio 2 Agglomeratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinguishing between aggregates and agglomerates of flame-made TiO2 by high-pressure dispersion

et al. 2008

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The potential of high-pressure dispersion (HPD) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) is explored for rapid and quantitative estimation of the extent of particle aggregation and agglomeration by analyzing the entire particle size distribution. Commercially available and tailor-made TiO 2 particles by flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) were characterized by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Volume distributions of these titania particles were obtained by DLS of their electrostatically stabilized (with Na 4 P 2 O 7 ) aqueous suspensions. Dispersing these suspensions through a nozzle at 200 to 1400 bar reduced the size of agglomerates (particles bonded by weak physical forces) resulting in bimodal size distributions composed of their constituent primary particles and aggregates (particles bonded by strong chemical or sinter forces). Sintering FSP-made particles from 200 to 800°C for 4 h progressively increased the minimum primary particle size (by grain growth) and aggregate size (by neck growth and phase transformation).

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Characterization of 9Cr-1MoVNb steel by anomalous small-angle X-ray scattering

Cited by 81 publications

References 17 publications

Microstructure evolution during the isostructural decomposition of TiAlN—A combined in-situ small angle x-ray scattering and phase field study

Microstructure evolution during the isostructural decomposition of TiAlN—A combined in-situ small angle x-ray scattering and phase field study

Phase transformations in nanocomposite ZrAlN thin films during annealing

Distinguishing between aggregates and agglomerates of flame-made TiO2 by high-pressure dispersion

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