Characterization of 42 Microsatellite Markers from Poison Ivy, Toxicodendron radicans (Anacardiaceae)

Abstract

Poison ivy, Toxicodendron radicans, and poison oaks, T. diversilobum and T. pubescens, are perennial woody species of the Anacardiaceae and are poisonous, containing strong allergens named urushiols that cause allergic contact dermatitis. Poison ivy is a species distributed from North America to East Asia, while T. diversilobum and T. pubescens are distributed in western and eastern North America, respectively. Phylogreography and population structure of these species remain unclear. Here, we developed microsatellite markers, via constructing a magnetic enriched microsatellite library, from poison ivy. We designed 51 primer pairs, 42 of which successfully yielded products that were subsequently tested for polymorphism in poison oak, and three subspecies of poison ivy. Among the 42 loci, 38 are polymorphic, while 4 are monomorphic. The number of alleles and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 1 to 12 and from 0.10 to 0.87, respectively, in poison ivy, while varied from 2 to 8 and, from 0.26 to 0.83, respectively in poison oak. Genetic analysis revealed distinct differentiation between poison ivy and poison oak, whereas slight genetic differentiation was detected among three subspecies of poison ivy. These highly polymorphic microsatellite fingerprints enable biologists to explore the population genetics, phylogeography, and speciation in Toxicodendron.

Antifungal and antimycotoxigenic metabolites in Anacardiaceae species from northwest Argentina: isolation, identification and potential for control of Fusarium species

“…For example, side chains of urushiols from T. radicans and T. pubescens have C15 and C17 carbon atoms, respectively, with 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds in the side chain (Hsu et al . ). In this regard, the Schinopsis species showed interspecific differences in saturation and length of the side chain as well as in the hydroxyl substitution of the aromatic ring.…”

“…ND, not detected. bonds in the side chain (Hsu et al 2013). In this regard, the Schinopsis species showed interspecific differences in saturation and length of the side chain as well as in the hydroxyl substitution of the aromatic ring.…”

Phylogeny and Historical Biogeography of Paphiopedilum Pfitzer (Orchidaceae) Based on Nuclear and Plastid DNA

“…Dispersal and vicariance events that exposed geographic isolation among taxa might be due to the land bridge submergence (Chiang et al, 2009;Chiang et al, 2013;Ge et al, 2012;Ge et al, 2015;Hsu et al, 2013) in Sunda Shelf and Sunda Super Island during the Pleistocene ( Figure 5 and Table 2) (Guo et al, 2015;Tsai et al, 2015). Cenozoic collision accompanied by a cyclical climate (glacial oscillations) caused by the fragmentation of the Sunda Super Islands (de Bruyn et al, 2014).…”

Development and characterization of 16 novel microsatellite markers by Transcriptome sequencing for Angelica dahurica and test for cross-species amplification

“…Microsatellite markers are simple sequences repeat (SSRs) consisting of 1-6 nucleotides in length (motifs) and can be found in genomes of all prokaryotes and eukaryotes [7]. During the past decades, microsatellite markers, due to the high level of polymorphism, high abundance, co-dominance, selective neutrality and transferability across species [8][9][10][11][12], have been widely applied to a variety of biological researches, such as population genetics, gene flow, phylogenetics, and conservation genetics. A latest study has reported 18 polymorphic loci isolated from Angelica sinensis [13].…”