Characterization of 3D-printed PLA parts with different raster orientations and printing speeds

Abstract

Fabrication based on additive manufacturing (AM) process from a three-dimensional (3D) model has received significant attention in the past few years. Although 3D printing was introduced for production of prototypes, it has been currently used for fabrication of end-use products. Therefore, the mechanical behavior and strength of additively manufactured parts has become of significant importance. 3D printing has been affected by different parameters during preparation, printing, and post-printing processes, which have influence on quality and behavior of the additively manufactured components. This paper discusses the effects of two printing parameters on the mechanical behavior of additively manufactured components. In detail, polylactic acid material was used to print test coupons based on fused deposition modeling process. The specimens with five different raster orientations were printed with different printing speeds. Later, a series of tensile tests was performed under static loading conditions. Based on the results, strength and stiffness of the examined specimens have been determined. Moreover, dependency of the strength and elastic modulus of 3D-printed parts on the raster orientation has been documented. In the current study, fractured specimens were visually investigated by a free-angle observation system. The experimental findings can be used for the development of computational models and next design of structural components.

Tensile Behavior of 3D Printed Polylactic Acid (PLA) Based Composites Reinforced with Natural Fiber

“…However, the samples printed with raster angles of ±45° and 90° exhibited higher strain to failure than the specimens printed with a raster angle of 0°. These observations are in agreement with the results obtained for PLA printed with raster angles of 0°, ±45°, and 90°, in which the specimens printed with a raster angle of 0° exhibited the best mechanical performance, while the samples printed with a raster angle of 90° showed the worse mechanical performance [ 68 , 69 ]. This observation is explained by the fact that the individual beads of the specimens printed with a raster angle of 90° are perpendicular to the tensile load; thus, the fracture of the specimen is mainly determined by the bonding between adjacent beads [ 68 ].…”

Breaking Material Symmetry to Control Mechanical Performance in 3D Printed Objects

“…The printing angle associated to the longitudinal orientation can alter significantly the magnitude of the load transfer as well as the nature of the deformation mechanisms. This is, for instance, highlighted in the study by Khosravani et al [36], which show the dependence of the cracking behaviour with respect to the raster angle. Figure 8 illustrates such influence for a part printed according to the longitudinal direction with a printing angle of 45 • .…”

Optimization of 3D Printing Technology for Fabrication of Dental Crown Prototype Using Plastic Powder and Zirconia Materials

“…However, the use of CAD/CAM technology is capable of providing same-day permanent dental restorations [ 5 ]. Therefore, further investigation on alternative filament compositions, porosity and other FDM parameters such as raster angle and print patterns are necessary to increase the strength of the workpieces [ 41 , 42 ]. The effect of the nozzle temperature and print bed can induce different types of porosity distribution patterns in the PLA structure, affecting the strength of the material [ 42 ].…”