Characterization of 114 insertion/deletion (INDEL) polymorphisms, and selection for a global INDEL panel for human identification

Study of InDel genetic markers with forensic and ancestry informative interest in PALOP’s immigrant populations in Lisboa

“…They are characterized by the presence or absence of a specific sequence of nucleotides [9][10][11][12]. Significative differences in allele frequencies of InDel markers, between different groups or populations, can be used as ancestry and eventually, evolutionary indicators [13].…”

“…The Investigator® DIPplex kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) has already been employed in some population studies, specially in populations of European, American and Asian origin [8][9][10]12,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Demonstrating high discrimination power and high power of exclusion, has shown to be proper for forensic cases, specially, in individual identification that require analysis of degraded samples.…”

A 30-InDel Assay for Genetic Variation and Population Structure Analysis of Chinese Tujia Group

“…However, there were some potential limitations of STRs in forensic applications because of its relatively high mutation rate, long amplicon size, and the deficiency in the analysis of highly degraded DNA samples and complex kinship cases. In recent years, a novel genetic marker: insertion and deletion polymorphisms (InDels) dispersing through the human genome showed some advantages, such as short amplicon size, low mutation rate, and practicability of being genotyped in the present forensic DNA lab platforms678, which were useful for forensic DNA applications (Supplementary method for STR applications), population genetics9101112, and biogeographic ancestry analysis131415. Population genetic and forensic validation studies have been performed using the Qiagen Investigator DIPplex ® reagent including 30 autosomal InDel loci plus amelogenin locus, and population data of Chinese Han, Tibetan, Uigur, Kazak, She, Xibe and Yi populations have been reported in previous studies910161718.…”

Development of a novel multiplex polymerase chain reaction system for forensic individual identification using insertion/deletion polymorphisms

“… provided a novel multiplex system of 38 InDels for human identifications; LaRue et al. assessed genetic distributions of 114 InDels in Caucasian, African American, Hispanic, and Asian populations and chose 49 InDels from the 114 InDels for human identifications; Oka et al. provided 37 InDels for human identifications in Japanese populations.…”