Characterization methods of zerovalent iron for water treatment and remediation

The Impact of Selected Pretreatment Procedures on Iron Dissolution from Metallic Iron Specimens Used in Water Treatment

“…For the materials tested herein, it can be postulated that there are situations in which SW is suitable and others where GI1, GI2 or GI3 are better suitable. The long history of using Fe 0 for water treatment suggests that suitable Fe 0 materials were mostly found for reported success stories, but the rational for their selection has not been really realized [58,63,64]. Even today, it is current to consider GI or SW as a class of material compared to nano-Fe 0 , iron nails or bimetallics.…”

“…Clearly, an understanding of the role of "passivation" in the process of decontamination using Fe 0 should be useful for enhancing the system's efficiency in practice [30,31,47].There is an agreement on the evidence that using Fe 0 for water treatment and environmental remediation is "putting corrosion to use" [51][52][53]. There is otherwise a contradiction on practically any other aspect concerning the Fe 0 /H 2 O system, including the reaction mechanisms and factors determining the long-term efficiency of such systems [9,28,47,[54][55][56][57][58]. A key reason for this is the large variability of experimental conditions used in testing Fe 0 materials [58][59][60][61][62].…”

“…There is otherwise a contradiction on practically any other aspect concerning the Fe 0 /H 2 O system, including the reaction mechanisms and factors determining the long-term efficiency of such systems [9,28,47,[54][55][56][57][58]. A key reason for this is the large variability of experimental conditions used in testing Fe 0 materials [58][59][60][61][62]. The main influencing operational parameter seems to be Fe 0 itself [58,61,63,64].…”

“…A key reason for this is the large variability of experimental conditions used in testing Fe 0 materials [58][59][60][61][62]. The main influencing operational parameter seems to be Fe 0 itself [58,61,63,64]. In fact, data from the open corrosion literature demonstrate that at pH > 4.5, the extent of iron corrosion depends on the relative kinetics of iron oxidative dissolution (corrosion) and of the precipitation of resulting iron hydroxides and oxides (oxide-scale formation) [65][66][67][68][69].…”

Iron Corrosion: Scientific Heritage in Jeopardy

“…However: (i) such filters are not specific for As; and (ii) commercial iron nails differ in their intrinsic reactivity. Differences in intrinsic reactivity may explain some cases of failure [28][29][30]. On the other hand, taking intrinsic reactivity as a key design parameter (material selection) will accelerate progress in designing efficient Fe 0 -based systems [31,32].…”