Characterization, Leaching, and Filtration Testing for Bismuth Phosphate Sludge (Group 1) and Bismuth Phosphate Saltcake (Group 2) Actual Waste Sample Composites

Lumetta, Gregg J.; Buck, Edgar C.; Daniel, Richard C.; Draper, Kathryn E.; Edwards, Matthew K.; Fiskum, Sandra K.; Hallen, Richard T.; Jagoda, Lynette K.; Jenson, Evan D.; Kozelisky, Anne E.; MacFarlan, Paul J.; Peterson, Reid A.; Shimskey, Rick W.; Sinkov, Sergey I.; Snow, Lanee A.

doi:10.2172/963596

Cited by 19 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…Bismuth compounds were not observed in these saltcake types (Lumetta et al 2009a), probably because Bi was a trace constituent in the solids remaining after the saltcake was washed for characterization tests. It was not considered necessary to modify the ESP-predicted Bi phase.…”

Section: 28mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Iron has been observed in wastes in various crystalline forms such as oxides (Fe 2 O 3 , either hematite or magnetite) and partially hydrated goethite (FeOOH). In one case, Group 2 washed solids, TGA indicated that Fe was present in all three degrees of hydration, goethite, magnetite, and ferric hydroxide (Lumetta et al 2009a 4 , ZrO(OH) 2 , and ZrO 2 for zirconium. The densities range from 3 to 4 g/mL for hydroxides up to 5.2 g/mL for Fe 2 O 3 , 8.9 g/mL for Bi 2 O 3 , and 11.0 for UO 2 .…”

Section: Extent Of Hydrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overview documents were then reviewed to find information on what solid phases were actually present in the tank wastes. These documents included Rapko and Lumetta (2000), the five solids characterization reports from the M12 project (Lumetta et al 2009a, and the 2010 waste mineralogy report (Disselkamp 2010). The M12 project was performed in response to issue M12 (Undemonstrated Leaching Processes) as identified by the EFRT, which conducted an in-depth review of the process flowsheet of the WTP, have been used as a source of new data on sludge particle types.…”

Section: Liquid Rheologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“… High-bismuth BiPO 4 sludge (Group 1, Lumetta et al 2009a): Fe was a major part of the washed solids composition. No crystalline Fe phases were identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD), but an amorphous phase that was a dominant part of the solids was identified as a mixture of hydrous Fe(III) phosphate, BiFeO 3 , and small amounts of BiPO 4 by using a combination of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), mapping with scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) (Lumetta et al 2009b).…”

Section: 20mentioning

confidence: 99%

“… High-phosphate BiPO 4 saltcake (Group 2, Lumetta et al 2009a): SEM/EDS mapping of the washed solids showed an association of Na, Al, Si, and P that was thought to indicate cancrinite (sodium aluminosilicate) with some entrained sodium mono-H phosphate. Some aluminosilicates were found to have incorporated transition metals (Cr and Fe).…”

Section: 20mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hanford Waste Physical and Rheological Properties: Data and Gaps

Wells¹,

Kurath²,

Mahoney³

et al. 2011

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103

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Executive SummaryThe Hanford Site in Washington State manages 177 underground storage tanks containing approximately 250,000 m 3 of waste generated during past defense reprocessing and waste management operations. These tanks contain a mixture of sludge, saltcake and supernatant liquids. The insoluble sludge fraction of the waste consists of metal oxides and hydroxides and contains the bulk of many radionuclides such as the transuranic components and 90 Sr. The saltcake, generated by extensive evaporation of aqueous solutions, consists primarily of dried sodium salts. The supernates consist of concentrated (5-15 M) aqueous solutions of sodium and potassium salts. The 177 storage tanks include 149 single-shell tanks (SSTs) and 28 double-shell tanks (DSTs).Ultimately the wastes need to be retrieved from the tanks for treatment and disposal. The SSTs contain minimal amounts of liquid wastes, and the Tank Operations Contractor is continuing a program of moving solid wastes from SSTs to interim storage in the DSTs. The Hanford DST system provides the staging location for waste feed delivery to the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of River Protection's (ORP) Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP). The WTP is being designed and constructed to pretreat and then vitrify a large portion of the wastes in Hanford's 177 underground waste storage tanks.The retrieval, transport, treatment and disposal operations involve the handling of a wide range of slurries. Solids in the slurry have a wide range of particle size, density and chemical characteristics. Depending on the solids concentration the slurries may exhibit a Newtonian or a non-Newtonian rheology.The extent of knowledge of the physical and rheological properties is a key component to the success of the design and implementation of the waste processing facilities. These properties are used in engineering calculations in facility designs. Knowledge of the waste properties is also necessary for the development and fabrication of simulants that are used in testing at various scales. The expense and hazards associated with obtaining and using actual wastes dictates that simulants be used at many stages in the testing and scale-up of process equipment. The results presented in this report should be useful for estimating process and equipment performance and provide a technical basis for development of simulants for testing.The purpose of this document is to provide an updated summary of the Hanford waste characterization data pertinent to safe storage, retrieval, transport and processing operations for both the tank farms and the WTP and thereby identify gaps in understanding and data. Important waste parameters for these operations are identified by examining examples of relevant mathematical models of selected phenomena including: The data sets in (UDS composition and particle density, UDS primary particle size and shape, UDS particle size distributions [PSDs], and estimated particle size and density distributions [PSDDs]) and Poloski et al. (2007) ...

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Section: 28mentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Extent Of Hydrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Liquid Rheologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 20mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 20mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hanford Waste Physical and Rheological Properties: Data and Gaps

Wells¹,

Kurath²,

Mahoney³

et al. 2011

Self Cite

103

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A history of Hanford tank waste, implications for waste treatment, and disposal

Colburn¹,

Peterson²

2020

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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More than 40 years of plutonium processing have left almost 56 million gallons of mixed radioactive waste sequestered in 177 underground tanks on the Hanford Site. Three different processing technologies were employed for plutonium purification in addition to uranium scavenging and fission product removal from the tank waste. All of these chemical processes have contributed to a complex waste stream that varies from tank to tank that presents downstream processing challenges to render the waste into a safe form for long‐term storage. The current disposition pathway for Hanford tank waste is vitrification. To maximize waste loading and minimize the number of high‐level waste canisters stored in a geologic repository, pretreatment of the waste is required. Both pretreatment and vitrification operations are impacted by the waste composition.

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Speciation of aluminum phases at the Hanford Site

Westesen

Peterson

2021

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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Treatment of the tank waste at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation in WashingtonState is one of the largest environmental challenges facing the world today. Disposition of the insoluble solids poses the greatest hurdle to achieving long-term stabilization of the tank waste. The single largest component of the insoluble solids is aluminum. An assessment of the characterization of this waste has identified that the aluminum is roughly split into thirds between sodium aluminate, gibbsite, and boehmite mineral phases. The largest single source of aluminum in the Hanford tank farms is associated with the tanks located in the southwest corner of the site. These tanks contain relatively high concentrations of aluminum such that the mass of insoluble solids present could be reduced by up to 90% through caustic leaching of the materials in these tanks. Performing such leaching processes would enable the recovery of waste from several leak-prone single-shell tanks in that area.

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Characterization, Leaching, and Filtration Testing for Bismuth Phosphate Sludge (Group 1) and Bismuth Phosphate Saltcake (Group 2) Actual Waste Sample Composites

Cited by 19 publications

References 7 publications

Hanford Waste Physical and Rheological Properties: Data and Gaps

Hanford Waste Physical and Rheological Properties: Data and Gaps

A history of Hanford tank waste, implications for waste treatment, and disposal

Speciation of aluminum phases at the Hanford Site

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