Characterization, cloning, and evolutionary history of the chloroplast and cytosolic class I aldolases of the red alga Galdieria sulphuraria

Groß, Wolfgang; Lenze, Dido; Nowitzki, Ulrich; Weiske, Jörg; Schnarrenberger, Claus

doi:10.1016/s0378-1119(99)00059-1

Cited by 58 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This demonstrates that all three major alveolate groups contain a cytosolic class I FBA, as is found in most other eukaryotes. The remainder of the class I phylogeny is much as has been previously described (12,26). In particular, the plastid FBA of red algae, green algae, and plants group together with moderate support, and EST sequences from both Porphyra and Gracilaria branched with the plastid-targeted gene from Galdieria with good support, considering their short length (70 to 75%) (data not shown).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 62%

“…If plastids derived from secondary endosymbiosis with a red alga acquired FBA by direct descent, then their genes would be related to the plastid genes of red algae, which is to say a class I FBA (12). However, all known putative plastid-targeted FBAs from chromalveolates are class II genes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The evolution of FBA is marked by a number of unusual evolutionary events, including lateral gene transfers, gene duplications (paralogy), and recompartmentalization of nonorganellar proteins to organelles (12,26). Given this complexity, the patchy distribution of eukaryotes in the type A tree, and the almost certainly underestimated distribution of eukaryotic class II FBA, it is difficult to know the original source of the chromalveolate plastid-targeted FBA with absolute confidence.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As with GAPDH, the Calvin cycle FBA in the plastid would be expected to be derived from the cyanobacterial endosymbiont and would therefore be a class II enzyme. However, plants, green algae, red algae, and chlorarachniophytes have two class I isoforms: a cytosolic protein active in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis and a plastid-targeted protein active in the Calvin cycle, which is thought to have arisen from a duplication of the cytosolic homologue (12).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Gene Replacement of Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate Aldolase Supports the Hypothesis of a Single Photosynthetic Ancestor of Chromalveolates

2004

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Plastids (photosynthetic organelles of plants and algae) are known to have spread between eukaryotic lineages by secondary endosymbiosis, that is, by the uptake of a eukaryotic alga by another eukaryote. But the number of times this has taken place is controversial. This is particularly so in the case of eukaryotes with plastids derived from red algae, which are numerous and diverse. Despite their diversity, it has been suggested that all these eukaryotes share a recent common ancestor and that their plastids originated in a single endosymbiosis, the so-called "chromalveolate hypothesis." Here we describe a novel molecular character that supports the chromalveolate hypothesis. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) is a glycolytic and Calvin cycle enzyme that exists as two nonhomologous types, class I and class II. Red algal plastid-targeted FBA is a class I enzyme related to homologues from plants and green algae, and it would be predicted that the plastid-targeted FBA from algae with red algal secondary endosymbionts should be related to this class I enzyme. However, we show that plastid-targeted FBA of heterokonts, cryptomonads, haptophytes, and dinoflagellates (all photosynthetic chromalveolates) are class II plastid-targeted enzymes, completely unlike those of red algal plastids. The chromalveolate enzymes form a strongly supported group in FBA phylogeny, and their common possession of this unexpected plastid characteristic provides new evidence for their close relationship and a common origin for their plastids.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gene Replacement of Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate Aldolase Supports the Hypothesis of a Single Photosynthetic Ancestor of Chromalveolates

2004

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“…Galdieria sulphuraria strain 074W (Gross et al, 1999) was cultured autotrophically in a minimal salt medium at 37°C with a light intensity of 80 mmol photons m 22 s 21 . The culture was grown at pH 2.0 in Erlenmeyer flasks under vigorous shaking at ambient air conditions.…”

Section: Growth and Sampling Of Galdieria Sulphuraria Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Characterization of the Plastidic Phosphate Translocator Gene Family from the Thermo-Acidophilic Red Alga Galdieria sulphuraria Reveals Specific Adaptations of Primary Carbon Partitioning in Green Plants and Red Algae

2008

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In chloroplasts of green plants and algae, CO 2 is assimilated into triose-phosphates (TPs); a large part of these TPs is exported to the cytosol by a TP/phosphate translocator (TPT), whereas some is stored in the plastid as starch. Plastidial phosphate translocators have evolved from transport proteins of the host endomembrane system shortly after the origin of chloroplasts by endosymbiosis. The red microalga Galdieria sulphuraria shares three conserved putative orthologous transport proteins with the distantly related seed plants and green algae. However, red algae, in contrast to green plants, store starch in their cytosol, not inside plastids. Hence, due to the lack of a plastidic starch pool, a larger share of recently assimilated CO 2 needs to be exported to the cytosol. We thus hypothesized that red algal transporters have distinct substrate specificity in comparison to their green orthologs. This hypothesis was tested by expression of the red algal genes in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and assessment of their substrate specificities and kinetic constants. Indeed, two of the three red algal phosphate translocator candidate orthologs have clearly distinct substrate specificities when compared to their green homologs. GsTPT (for G. sulphuraria TPT) displays very narrow substrate specificity and high affinity; in contrast to green plant TPTs, 3-phosphoglyceric acid is poorly transported and thus not able to serve as a TP/3-phosphoglyceric acid redox shuttle in vivo. Apparently, the specific features of red algal primary carbon metabolism promoted the evolution of a highly efficient export system with high affinities for its substrates. The low-affinity TPT of plants maintains TP levels sufficient for starch biosynthesis inside of chloroplasts, whereas the red algal TPT is optimized for efficient export of TP from the chloroplast.

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Salt‐stress induced proteomic changes of two contrasting alfalfa cultivars during germination stage

et al. 2018

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Under salt stress, ZhongmuNo.3 possessed a higher capacity for reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, a more abundant energy supply, and stronger photosynthesis than the salt-sensitive cultivar Daxiyang, and these physiological processes may be the primary contributors to salt tolerance in ZhongmuNo.3. These advanced proteome data expand our knowledge of the physiology of the response of alfalfa to salt stress, providing a potentially valuable foundation for molecular breeding to enhance salt tolerance. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Characterization, cloning, and evolutionary history of the chloroplast and cytosolic class I aldolases of the red alga Galdieria sulphuraria

Cited by 58 publications

References 23 publications

Gene Replacement of Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate Aldolase Supports the Hypothesis of a Single Photosynthetic Ancestor of Chromalveolates

Gene Replacement of Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate Aldolase Supports the Hypothesis of a Single Photosynthetic Ancestor of Chromalveolates

Functional Characterization of the Plastidic Phosphate Translocator Gene Family from the Thermo-Acidophilic Red Alga Galdieria sulphuraria Reveals Specific Adaptations of Primary Carbon Partitioning in Green Plants and Red Algae

Salt‐stress induced proteomic changes of two contrasting alfalfa cultivars during germination stage

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