Characterization by FTIR of the Effect of Lead White on Some Properties of Proteinaceous Binding Media

Centeno, Silvia A.; Guzmán, Marcelo I.; Yamazaki-Kleps, Akiko; Védova, Carlos O. Della

doi:10.2307/4129649

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…5. This finding shows that massicot did not have any considerable effect on the collagen-based binders which confirms the results reported by Centeno et al [43]. Our data are therefore in agreement with the formation of more mobile structures when the LW pigment is added to the binders, but not when massicot is used.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 96%

“…Previous FTIR experiments performed on the laboratory samples of different gelatin binders prepared following recipes recommended in medieval treatises, mixed with lead white, and conditioned in chambers with different relative humidity (% RH) reported evidence supporting the removal of water molecules from the vicinity of the peptide linkage groups C=O and CNH, with a small change in the protein secondary structure upon addition of the pigment [43]. These changes were not observed in samples prepared with the yellow pigment massicot, PbO, and therefore it was concluded that the lead white pigment was responsible for the effect.…”

Section: Characterization and Identification Of Protein-based Bindersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Situ Unilateral 1H-NMR Studies of the Interaction Between Lead White Pigments and Collagen-Based Binders

et al. 2011

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The lead white pigment, 2PbCO 3 ÁPb(OH) 2 , is thought to play a critical role in the degradation of paint in illuminated manuscripts. Cracking, flaking, and separation of paint films containing lead white on parchment and other works of art have been reported, and have been attributed to the interaction of the pigment with the binding media. A previous study by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed lead white to induce a change in the state of hydration of protein-based binders, though the mechanism of this process is still not well understood. In this work, we apply in situ 1 H unilateral nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to explore the nature of the interaction between lead white and collagen-based binders while at the same time we evaluate the feasibility of applying unilateral 1 H-NMR to assess the condition of the paint in medieval-illuminated manuscripts and to follow up the effectiveness of consolidation treatments. Carr, Purcell, Meiboom, and Gill (CPMG) measurements reveal that the addition of lead white to binders derived from collagen, such as bone, rabbit skin or fish glues, increases the T 2eff relaxation constant of these binders. This effect is more pronounced at low relative humidity. The increase in T 2eff suggests that the pigment induces a change in the protein that leads

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 96%

Section: Characterization and Identification Of Protein-based Bindersmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Unilateral 1H-NMR Studies of the Interaction Between Lead White Pigments and Collagen-Based Binders

et al. 2011

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“…Lead white has been reported to induce molecular‐level changes to the amino acids present in EY and, as well as forming lead soaps, is also known to accelerate the degradation of the binders, by interacting with them and causing the release of formic acid . To confirm that such interactions were, in part, responsible for the spectral changes occurring with paint composition, we simulated model pigment–binder spectra by averaging the spectra of the pure components in the mixing proportions and projected these onto a PCA score plot formed by analysis of the ‘real’ spectra (this time including the 1 : 1 spectra in the training set; Fig.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 57%

Estimating the concentrations of pigments and binders in lead‐based paints using FT‐Raman spectroscopy and principal component analysis

Pallipurath

Vőfély

Skelton

et al. 2014

J Raman Spectroscopy

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Understanding the composition of the paints used on works of art is crucial in attributing them to the artist or workshop that created them, as well as to devising strategies for their preservation and restoration. Much current research is focussed on the development of non-invasive spectroscopic methods, enabling in situ paint analysis without the need for sampling. However, whilst a lot of work has been carried out on looking at the composition of artists' materials qualitatively, little has been performed to analyse them quantitatively. In this work, we investigate the use of Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy, in isolation and in conjunction with complementary fibre optic reflectance spectroscopy, to look at the spectral changes that occur with varying the paint/binder ratio in model historic lead-based paints. When used in conjunction with multivariate analysis, we demonstrate that it can be possible to obtain a semi-quantitative estimation of the composition of a paint film from its Fourier transform Raman spectrum, given a set of suitable reference spectra recorded from paints produced within the workable mixture range. This represents a tentative first step towards a semi-automated and quantitative method for analysing cultural heritage objects, which may help boost our understanding of their history, and enable conservators to make more informed decisions so as to ensure their preservation.

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“…Finally, the standard protein binder selected to prepare the samples was rabbit skin glue (collagen) which, since ancient times, has been used in traditional woodworking, gilding and paintings due to its high strength, viscosity and elasticity [59] . The amide I band (∼1655 cm −1 ) is due almost entirely to the C = O stretch vibrations of the peptide linkages, with some contribution of CN stretching, and this band has proven to contain significant information about the protein secondary structure [60] . The shift observed in the amide I vibration band to higher wavenumbers (∼1685 cm −1 ) with respect to the values observed for the controls (1645 cm −1 ), indicates a modification in the state of hydration of the binder [60] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The amide I band (∼1655 cm −1 ) is due almost entirely to the C = O stretch vibrations of the peptide linkages, with some contribution of CN stretching, and this band has proven to contain significant information about the protein secondary structure [60] . The shift observed in the amide I vibration band to higher wavenumbers (∼1685 cm −1 ) with respect to the values observed for the controls (1645 cm −1 ), indicates a modification in the state of hydration of the binder [60] . Depending on the hydration energy and steric hindrance of the anions, salts may promote aggregation, unfolding, or dissociation of the protein [61] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of the Microbial Communities Detected on an Oil Painting on Canvas to Its Biodeterioration

et al. 2013

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In this study, we investigated the microbial community (bacteria and fungi) colonising an oil painting on canvas, which showed visible signs of biodeterioration. A combined strategy, comprising culture-dependent and -independent techniques, was selected. The results derived from the two techniques were disparate. Most of the isolated bacterial strains belonged to related species of the phylum Firmicutes, as Bacillus sp. and Paenisporosarcina sp., whereas the majority of the non-cultivable members of the bacterial community were shown to be related to species of the phylum Proteobacteria, as Stenotrophomonas sp. Fungal communities also showed discrepancies: the isolated fungal strains belonged to different genera of the order Eurotiales, as Penicillium and Eurotium, and the non-cultivable belonged to species of the order Pleosporales and Saccharomycetales. The cultivable microorganisms, which exhibited enzymatic activities related to the deterioration processes, were selected to evaluate their biodeteriorative potential on canvas paintings; namely Arthrobacter sp. as the representative bacterium and Penicillium sp. as the representative fungus. With this aim, a sample taken from the painting studied in this work was examined to determine the stratigraphic sequence of its cross-section. From this information, “mock paintings,” simulating the structure of the original painting, were prepared, inoculated with the selected bacterial and fungal strains, and subsequently examined by micro-Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, in order to determine their potential susceptibility to microbial degradation. The FTIR-spectra revealed that neither Arthrobacter sp. nor Penicillium sp. alone, were able to induce chemical changes on the various materials used to prepare “mock paintings.” Only when inoculated together, could a synergistic effect on the FTIR-spectra be observed, in the form of a variation in band position on the spectrum.

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Characterization by FTIR of the Effect of Lead White on Some Properties of Proteinaceous Binding Media

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

In Situ Unilateral 1H-NMR Studies of the Interaction Between Lead White Pigments and Collagen-Based Binders

In Situ Unilateral 1H-NMR Studies of the Interaction Between Lead White Pigments and Collagen-Based Binders

Estimating the concentrations of pigments and binders in lead‐based paints using FT‐Raman spectroscopy and principal component analysis

Contribution of the Microbial Communities Detected on an Oil Painting on Canvas to Its Biodeterioration

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