Abstract:Textile wastewater contains large quantities of organic and inorganic compounds, which cause toxic and hazardous pollutants in the environment. Efficacy, efficiency and feasibility of the biological treatment method using macrophytes and algae were investigated, and various physicochemical parameters (TSS, TDS, pH, color, EC, DO, BOD, COD and metal concentration) were also analyzed. In pre-treated sample, TSS, TDS, pH, temperature, DO, BOD, COD, EC and color were recorded as 913 mg/L, 2250 mg/L, 9.4, 41°C, 2.8… Show more
“…The high value of electrical conductivity value of 7260 µS/cm was due to the use of high quantities of salts for dyeing fixing, such as sodium chloride, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and sodium hydroxide (Correia et al, 1994;Rodrigues et al, 2013;Khatri et al, 2015). Although indispensable for the living organisms, the excess of salts was seen to decrease the osmotic potential of the soil, decline the water absorption of seeds and cause inhibitory effect in plants (Flowers et al, 2014;Geilfus et al, 2018;Roy et al, 2018). Studies also indicated that the excess of salts was responsible to suppress the seed germination, inhibit the root growth and cause significant effects on the development of plants (Foy, 1992;Joutti et al, 2003).…”
Ecotoxicology is a science that studies the effects of pollutants and forecast their transformations on the environment. Ecotoxicological studies have been used in soil and water quality assessment, development and implementation of new techniques of water and effluent treatment, tools for better industrial management, bioremediation techniques and sustainable agriculture approaches. Microorganisms, which were seen to detain a fundamental importance in nutrient cycling and energy flow, have been increasingly used as bioindicators in ecotoxicological analyses. The populational inhibition of microbiological strains may be measured through the absorbance of visible light, an efficient, fast, low-cost and reliable method that has been widely used in qualitative and quantitative analysis. In this manuscript, a real textile effluent sample was analyzed regarding its electric conductivity, pH, turbidity, solids, alkalinity, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and a spectrophotometry microbial population inhibition (MPI) method using the Bacillus subtilis bacteria and the Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast. The EC20, EC50 and acute toxicity indexes were satisfactory in relation to the widely used method of light reduction of the Vibrio fischeri luminescence bacteria. The MPI was shown to be a feasible method to determine the hazardous effects caused by the textile effluent sample towards the microbial populations.
“…The high value of electrical conductivity value of 7260 µS/cm was due to the use of high quantities of salts for dyeing fixing, such as sodium chloride, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and sodium hydroxide (Correia et al, 1994;Rodrigues et al, 2013;Khatri et al, 2015). Although indispensable for the living organisms, the excess of salts was seen to decrease the osmotic potential of the soil, decline the water absorption of seeds and cause inhibitory effect in plants (Flowers et al, 2014;Geilfus et al, 2018;Roy et al, 2018). Studies also indicated that the excess of salts was responsible to suppress the seed germination, inhibit the root growth and cause significant effects on the development of plants (Foy, 1992;Joutti et al, 2003).…”
Ecotoxicology is a science that studies the effects of pollutants and forecast their transformations on the environment. Ecotoxicological studies have been used in soil and water quality assessment, development and implementation of new techniques of water and effluent treatment, tools for better industrial management, bioremediation techniques and sustainable agriculture approaches. Microorganisms, which were seen to detain a fundamental importance in nutrient cycling and energy flow, have been increasingly used as bioindicators in ecotoxicological analyses. The populational inhibition of microbiological strains may be measured through the absorbance of visible light, an efficient, fast, low-cost and reliable method that has been widely used in qualitative and quantitative analysis. In this manuscript, a real textile effluent sample was analyzed regarding its electric conductivity, pH, turbidity, solids, alkalinity, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and a spectrophotometry microbial population inhibition (MPI) method using the Bacillus subtilis bacteria and the Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast. The EC20, EC50 and acute toxicity indexes were satisfactory in relation to the widely used method of light reduction of the Vibrio fischeri luminescence bacteria. The MPI was shown to be a feasible method to determine the hazardous effects caused by the textile effluent sample towards the microbial populations.
Arsenic (As) is the one the most toxic element present in earth which poses a serious threat to the environment and human health. Arsenic contamination of drinking water in South and Southeast Asia reported one of the most threatening problems that causes serious health hazard of millions of people of India and Bangladesh. Further, use of arsenic contaminated ground water for irrigation purpose causes entry of arsenic in food crops, especially in Rice and other vegetable crops. Currently various chemical technologies utilized for As removal from contaminated water like adsorption and co-precipitation using salts, activated charcoal, ion exchange, membrane filtration etc. are very costly and cannot be used for large scale for drinking and agriculture use. In contrast, phytoremediation utilizes green plats to remove pollutants from contaminated water using various mechanisms such as rhizofiltration, phytoextraction, phytostabilization, phytodegrartion and phytovolatilization. A large numbers of terrestrial and aquatic weed flora have been identified so far having hyper metal, metalloid and organic pollutant removal capacity. Among the terrestrial weed flora Arundo donax, Typha latifolia, Typha angustifolia, Vetivaria zizinoids etc. are the hyper As accumulator. Similarly Eicchornea crassipes (Water hyacinth), Pistia stratiotes (water lettuce), Lemna minor (duck weed), Hyrdilla verticillata, Ceratophyllum demersum, Spirodella polyrhiza, Azola, Wolfia spp., etc. are also capable to extract higher amount of arsenic from contaminated water. These weed flora having As tolerance mechanism in their system and thus remediate As contaminated water vis-à-vis continue their life cycle. In this chapter we will discuss about As extraction potential of various aquatic and semi aquatic weeds from contaminated water, their tolerance mechanism, future scope and their application in future world mitigating As contamination in water resources.
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