Characterization and thermal dehydration kinetics of zinc borates synthesized from zinc sulfate and zinc chloride

Kıpçak, Azmi Seyhun; Şenberber, Fatma Tuğçe; Derun, Emek Möröydor; Tuğrul, Nurcan; Pişkin, Sabriye

doi:10.1007/s11164-015-1952-2

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The observed characteristic peaks agree with the literature. [27][28] The effect of reaction temperature and reaction time on the formation of zinc borate is shown in Fig. 2b, produced with Statistica 8.0 software (StatSoft Inc., OK, USA).…”

Section: Xrd Results Of the Synthesized Zinc Boratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Synthesis of Zinc Borates from a Zinc Oxide Precursor via Ultrasonic Irradiation

Ersan

Yıldırım

Kıpçak

et al. 2016

ACSi

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In this study, zinc borate hydrate (Zn 3 B 6 O 12 · 3.5H 2 O) was synthesized from zinc oxide (ZnO) and boric acid (H 3 BO 3 ) via a novel method of ultrasonic irradiation. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the synthesized products. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to determine the effects of reaction time and reaction temperature on the morphology of the products. Thermal dehydration kinetics were studied using thermal gravimetry and differential thermal gravimetry analysis (TG/DTA). The Doyle and Kissinger non-isothermal kinetic methods were used to analyse the TG/DTA data. The XRD results confirmed the successful synthesis of Zn 3 B 6 O 12 · 3.5H 2 O at a range of reaction temperatures and times. Additionally, FT-IR and Raman analysis of the products identified peaks specific to zinc borate. Using the methods of Doyle and Kissinger, the activation energies of thermal dehydration of zinc borate were found to be 341.61 kJ/mol and 390.17 kJ/mol, respectively.

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Section: Xrd Results Of the Synthesized Zinc Boratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Synthesis of Zinc Borates from a Zinc Oxide Precursor via Ultrasonic Irradiation

Ersan

Yıldırım

Kıpçak

et al. 2016

ACSi

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“…parts of ZB6 (IC-ZB6/3), but the recorded TIT values for these samples were markedly different (22.3 min for IC-ZB0/3, 29.6 min for IC-ZB3.5/2.5, and 28.4 min for IC-ZB6/3). The observed results for the hydrated ZBs-based coatings (i.e., the higher TIT values than for IC-ZB0/3 and IC-0) could be explained by an endothermic dehydration reaction of ZB3.5 [22] and ZB6 during the fire test; it is generally known that release of the crystalline water causes reduction of the heated system temperature. It is noteworthy that the thermogravimetric analyses of the both borates revealed a higher dehydration process temperature of ZB3.5 (maximal weight loss rate at 437 • C) in comparison to ZB6 (185 • C; Figure 5).…”

Section: Furnace Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Effect of the B:Zn:H2O Molar Ratio on the Properties of Poly(Vinyl Acetate) and Zinc Borate-Based Intumescent Coating Materials Exposed to a Quasi-Real Cellulosic Fire

et al. 2020

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In order to investigate an influence of the B:Zn:H2O molar ratio on the fire protection efficiency of poly(vinyl acetate)-based thermoplastic intumescent coating materials (ICs), systems containing ammonium polyphosphate, melamine, pentaerythritol and different types of zinc borates (ZBs) were tested in a vertical position in quasi-real fire conditions. 3ZnO·2B2O3·6H2O (ZB6), 2ZnO·3B2O3·3.5H2O (ZB3.5) or 3ZnO·2B2O3 (ZB0) were added in amounts of 1–10 wt. parts/100 wt. parts of the other coating components mixture. Char formation processes and thermal insulation features were investigated using an open-flame furnace heated according to the cellulosic fire curve. Thermogravimetric features (DTG), chemical structures (FTIR) and mechanical strength of the ICs and the chars were analyzed as well. It was revealed that the type and dose of the ZBs significantly affect thermal insulation time (TIT) (up to 450 °C of a steel substrate) and sagging (SI) of the fire-heated coatings as well as the compressive strength of the created chars. The highest TIT value (+89%) was noted for the sample with 2.5 wt. parts of ZB3.5 while the lowest SI (−65%) was observed for the coatings containing 10 wt. parts of the hydrated borates (i.e., ZB3.5 or ZB6). The best mechanical strength was registered for the sample filled with the anhydrous modifier (3 wt. parts of ZB0). The presented results show that the ICs with the proper ZBs can be used for effective fire protection of vertically positioned steel elements.

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“…The first decomposition step occurs in the temperature range from approximately 180 to 278 °C, which is due to the evaporation of stearic acid and water in the fillers . The second decomposition step starts following the first step and continues to 365 °C, in which some degradation happens, including the thermal dehydrochlorination of chloroprene, the degradation of intercalation agent in EG and OMMT, and the dehydration reaction of MH and zinc borate . The third decomposition step (365–490 °C) involved the decomposition of the polymer chains .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The combination of expandable graphite, organic montmorillonite, and magnesium hydrate as fire‐retardant additives for ethylene–propylene–diene monomer/chloroprene rubber foams

Ding

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The fire retardancy and flame-retardant mechanism of expandable graphite (EG), organic montmorillonite (OMMT), and magnesium hydrate (MH) in ethylene-propylene-diene monomer/chloroprene rubber (EPDM/CR) foams were investigated. The results indicated that the combination of EG and OMMT remarkably improved the fire-retardant property compared to the control samples, and better fireproof performance was achieved when MH was used as the third coretardant unit. The structure of the obtained EPDM/CR/OMMT composites was characterized by X-ray diffraction, and the results showed that the composites had an intercalated nanostructure. The limiting oxygen index, vertical burning test, and cone calorimeter test results showed that the LOI values and UL-94 rating increased while the second peak of the heat release rates (HRR) decreased within the EG/OMMT system. In particular, the second pHRR disappeared when the EG/OMMT/MH system was used as a flame retardant. Moreover, the results of thermogravimetric analysis showed that the combination of EG and OMMT reduced the thermal-degradation rates and mass-loss percentages. Furthermore, observation by scanning electron microscopy revealed that EG and OMMT left over after combustion formed a complete, compact, and rigid charred layer with a mosaic structure of expanded graphite embedded in cortical-honeycomb layers of OMMT.

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Characterization and thermal dehydration kinetics of zinc borates synthesized from zinc sulfate and zinc chloride

Cited by 16 publications

References 2 publications

A Novel Synthesis of Zinc Borates from a Zinc Oxide Precursor via Ultrasonic Irradiation

A Novel Synthesis of Zinc Borates from a Zinc Oxide Precursor via Ultrasonic Irradiation

Effect of the B:Zn:H2O Molar Ratio on the Properties of Poly(Vinyl Acetate) and Zinc Borate-Based Intumescent Coating Materials Exposed to a Quasi-Real Cellulosic Fire

The combination of expandable graphite, organic montmorillonite, and magnesium hydrate as fire‐retardant additives for ethylene–propylene–diene monomer/chloroprene rubber foams

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