Characterization and Sulfuric Acid Leaching of Ferrochrome Converter (CRC) Dust

Makkonen, Hannu V.; Kekki, Antti; Heikkinen, Eetu Pekka; Fabritius, Timo; Aromaa, Jari; Forsén, Olof

doi:10.1002/srin.201500348

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…In the temperature above 800 °C, Figs. (12)(13)(14) show that there are apparent differences in the mass loss of the dust samples, although there are no corresponding gases release detected by MS or thermal reactions observed with DSC. This phenomena was observed by other studies [5,24], and related to the volatilization of condensable chlorides of Zn, Pb and K. Mikhail et al [24] [26].…”

Section: Ca(oh) 2 →Cao + H 2 O (1) Caco 3 → Cao + Co 2 (2)mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…chromite ore and concentrates as raw materials by using submerged arc furnaces (SAF). The molten ferrochrome can be transfer directly to the stainless steel plant [11,12]. There are two production routes in Torino steel plant.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ferrochrome converter (CRC) used as intermediate process between SAF and Argon oxygen decarburization (AOD) converter, because its product is a raw material for AOD [11,13]. The raw materials for the CRC process are stainless steel scrap, and molten ferrochrome with high silicon and carbon content from the submerged arc furnace (SAF) of the ferrochrome plant [12].The purpose of a ferrochrome converter (CRC) is to remove silicon and some carbon from molten ferrochrome by blowing oxygen into the melt before the production of stainless steel [11,12]. The CRC process in Tornio generates about 4000 t a -1 of CRC dust.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SEM investigation indicated that in the larger particles of EAFSS dust, franklinite and chromite crystals are enclosed in the glass sphere, but in the fine-grained fraction of the dust, no similar encapsulation phenomenon was observed. This encapsulation phenomenon will influence the leaching of zinc and chromium, because the enveloping glass must be dissolved before the phases with high Zn and Cr contents can be leached [12].…”

Section: Microstructure Of Steelmaking Dustsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Makkonen et.al. [12] studied the leaching of ferrochrome converter (CRC) dust from Outukumpu Tornio Plant, Finland with a sulfuric acid solution. The authors [12] concluded that the highest Zn dissolution ratio (94 %) is due to the existence of zinc in the zincite phase.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of steelmaking dust characteristics on suitable recycling process determining: Ferrochrome converter (CRC) and electric arc furnace (EAF) dusts

Omran

Fabritius

2017

Powder Technology

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Please cite this article as: Mamdouh Omran, Timo Fabritius, Effect of steelmaking dust characteristics on suitable recycling process determining: Ferrochrome converter (CRC) and electric arc furnace (EAF) dusts, Powder Technology (2016), AbstractUtilization of dusts generated from steelmaking industries will avoid disposal of wastes, enhance the use of secondary raw material fines and save costs. Understanding the properties of dust is necessary before determining the suitable recycling method. The present paper describes the chemical, morphological and mineralogical characterization of steelmaking dusts produced in steel plants in Finland. In this paper three different steelmaking dusts: ferrochrome converter (CRC) and electric arc furnace stainless steel (EAFSS) dusts from Outokumpu (Tornio, Finland), and electric arc furnace carbon steel (EAFCS) dust from Ovako (Imatra, Finland) were characterized.The characterization study showed that, the dusts from carbon steelmaking (EAFCS) are rich in zinc, while the dusts from stainless steelmaking (CRC) and (EAFSS) are relatively low in zinc, but richer in chromium. The zinc contents in CRC, EAFSS and EAFCS dusts are 10.83, 19.84 and 35.76 wt.%, respectively, while the chromium contents are 20.88, 3.19 and 0.47 wt.%, respectively.In the dust from CRC, zinc is found as zinc oxide (zincite, ZnO), while in the dusts from EAFSS & EAFCS zinc is found mostly as zinc ferrite (franklinite, ZnFe 2 O 4 ). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations indicated that CRC dust is dominated by non-spherical form and composed mainly of aggregates of irregular particles of chromite, in addition to zincite sphere. EAFSS dust particles are characterized by encapsulation phenomenon, franklinite particles enclosed inside calcium-iron-silicate glass sphere. Manganese (Mn) concentrations shows positive correlation with ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPTZn, which suggests the occurrence of Mn mainly with franklinite phase. EAFCS dust is dominated by spherical form, and zinc found as franklinite and zincite. In the large particles > 3 µm of EAFCS dust, franklinite enclosed inside glass sphere, while in finer particles < 1 µm, both zincite and franklinite are existed as spheres.The investigations indicate that steelmaking dusts from CRC, EAFSS, and EAFCS show significant difference in concentration and mode of occurrence of zinc in the dusts, which will influence on determine the suitable processing methods.There are different types of steelmaking dusts generated from steel industries [1, 2], depending on process unit: stainless steel dust, carbon steel dust and ferrochrome dust. These dusts are by-product waste generated by the secondary steelmaking process in an electric arc furnace and considered as a hazardous waste in most industrialized countries [3, 4]. During the melting of scraps in the electric arc furnace (EAF), many components of the charge including iron, zinc, and lead, are volatilized and entered the vapour phase. The dust is formed through the conversion of vapour phases into dust by agglo...

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