Characterization and source analysis of water-soluble inorganic ionic species in PM2.5 during a wintertime particle pollution episode in Nanjing, China

Zhan, Yangzhihao; Xie, Min; Gao, Dawen; Wang, Tijian; Zhang, Ming; An, Fengxia

doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2021.105769

Cited by 24 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 74 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…With the aging of exhaust plume, NH 4 + , NO 3 – , and SO 4 2– (SNA) became the main WSIs of PM 2.5 , which contributed a total of 70.19 ± 0.80, 80.80 ± 1.41, and 68.64 ± 7.11% of WSI emissions at 1, 2.5, and 4.5 m, respectively. They could represent secondary inorganic aerosols and were also dominating WSIs in the ambient PM 2.5 pollution in China. , Therefore, NH 4 + , NO 3 – , and SO 4 2– are the focus of attention in the current study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Variation of Particles in the Exhaust Plume of Gasoline Direct Injection Vehicles Based on a Multipoint Sampling System: Concentrations, Components, and Numbers

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2022

ACS EST Eng.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To grasp the primary particulate matter (PM) emissions and the corresponding secondary evolution of gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicles, an innovative combination system of chassis dynamometer and multipoint sampling (up to 4.5 m) was constructed. The exhaust plumes in the area near the exhaust gas discharge outlet were successfully captured. There were intense secondary formation processes. With the increase of dilution factors, the PM mass concentrations and particle number emissions of secondary particles gradually exceeded that of primary particles. Component analysis explored that the formation of both secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA) occurred in the exhaust plume and SIA played a leading role. Secondary inorganic ions contributed 65.15 ± 7.94% to PM2.5 at 4.5 m under 60 km/h, of which NH4 + and SO4 2– comprised the largest proportion. The contribution of secondary organic carbons was 20.89 ± 2.90% in this case. Particle size distribution displayed that an additional peak appeared in the nucleation mode with the aging of exhaust plume. The generation of nucleation and Aitken mode particles dominated the increase of particle number emissions. The study is expected to modify the overestimation of primary PM and bridge the gap between observed and modeled SOA.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…They could represent secondary inorganic aerosols and were also dominating WSIs in the ambient PM 2.5 pollution in China. 30,31 Therefore, NH 4 + , NO 3 − , and SO 4…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Variation of Particles in the Exhaust Plume of Gasoline Direct Injection Vehicles Based on a Multipoint Sampling System: Concentrations, Components, and Numbers

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2022

ACS EST Eng.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This is attributed to the differences in PM 2.5 composition among regions. Particulate pollution in YRD is primarily formed by water-soluble inorganic ions, with sulfate (SO 4 2– ), nitrate (NO 3 – ) and ammonium (NH 4 + ) being the dominant components, , while haze pollution in the major cities in the region of 2 + 26 cities is dominated by NO 3 – . As PRD is facing in-depth PM 2.5 abatement, , the secondary PM 2.5 abatement associated with the secondary organic aerosol has become the major challenge.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In terms of cumulative health benefits, differences among scenarios become notable (Figure 2c), particularly in PRD where the cumulative health benefits due to PM 2.5 declines under NO X -only, NO X -AVOC-A, NO X -AVOC-B, and HB are 172.8 (135.9−207.0), 213. ) being the dominant components, 31,32 while haze pollution in the major cities in the region of 2 + 26 cities is dominated by NO 3 − . 33 As PRD is facing in-depth PM 2.5 abatement, 1,34 the secondary PM 2.5 abatement associated with the secondary organic aerosol has become the major challenge.…”

Section: O 3 and Pmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost-Effectiveness of NO_X and VOC Co-operative Controls for PM_2.5 and O₃ Mitigation in the Context of China’s Carbon Neutrality

Liu,

Zhang,

Wang

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Co-operative controls of NOX and VOC are increasingly emphasized to mitigate both PM2.5 and O3 pollution in China. Given the substantial reductions in air pollutants expected under carbon neutrality, both PM2.5 and O3 concentrations will ultimately decrease to low levels regardless of co-operative controls. Therefore, understanding the cost-effectiveness of co-operative controls in the context of carbon neutrality is critical to enhance the feasibility of implementing relevant policies. Here we evaluate the control costs and health benefits under four co-operative control strategies. We show that adopting co-operative controls in megacity clusters can generate significant net benefits (health benefits minus control cost), such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and its surroundings (net benefits: 0.23 trillion USD) and the Yangtze River Delta (net benefits: 0.12 trillion USD), while the merit of adopting co-operative controls nationwide is unnoticeable. Furthermore, these benefit increments induced by co-operative controls are not considerable compared to the benefits induced by carbon neutrality itself. The role of co-operative controls deserves reconsideration in alignment with carbon neutrality, with a focus on some specific regions rather than uniform implementation across all cities.

show abstract

“…These data were issued hourly on the national urban air quality real-time publishing platform (https://air.cnemc.cn:18007/, last access: 7 April 2023). The detection limits were below 0.12 μg•m -3 and the collection efficiency was higher than 90% (Zhan et al, 2021). Meteorological parameters included air pressure, air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and boundary layer height.…”

Section: Chemical Component Sampling Air Quality and Meteorological Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the seasonal variations and regional transport of PM_2.5 in the Yangtze River Delta region, China: Characteristics, sources, and health risks

Zhan

Wang

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Given the increasing complexity of the chemical composition of PM2.5, identifying and quantitatively assessing the contributions of pollution sources has played an important role in formulating policies to control particle pollution. This study provides a comprehensive assessment between PM2.5 chemical characteristics, sources, and health risks based on sampling data conducted over one year (March 2018 to February 2019) in Nanjing. Results show that PM2.5 exhibits a distinct variation across different seasons, which is primarily driven by emissions, meteorological conditions, and chemical conversion of gaseous pollutants. First, the chemical mass reconstruction shows that secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA, 62.5 %) and carbonaceous aerosols (21.3 %) contributed most to the PM2.5 mass. The increasing oxidation rates of SO2 and NO2 from summer to winter indicate that the secondary transformation of gaseous pollutants is strongly positively correlated with relative humidity. Second, the positive matrix factorization (PMF) method shows that identified PM2.5 sources include SIA (42.5 %), coal combustion (CC, 22.4 %), industry source (IS, 17.3 %), vehicle emission (VE, 10.7 %), fugitive dust (FD, 5.8 %) and other sources (1.3 %). The Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model and the concentration-weighted trajectory (CWT) analysis are used to further explore different spatial distributions and regional transport of sources. High emissions (10-11 μg·m−3) of SIA and CC distribute in Nanjing and central China in winter. Moderate emissions (8-9 μg·m−3) of IS and VE are potentially located in the north of Jiangsu, Anhui, and Jiangxi. The PM2.5 pollution from long-range transport is attenuated by meteorological conditions and ocean air masses. Finally, the health risk assessment indicates that the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of toxic elements (Cr, As, Ni, Mn, V, and Pb) mainly come from IS, VE, and CC, which are within the tolerance or acceptable level. Although the main source of pollution in Nanjing is SIA at present, we should pay more attention to the health burden of vehicle emissions, coal combustion, and industrial processes.

show abstract

Characterization and source analysis of water-soluble inorganic ionic species in PM2.5 during a wintertime particle pollution episode in Nanjing, China

Cited by 24 publications

References 74 publications

Variation of Particles in the Exhaust Plume of Gasoline Direct Injection Vehicles Based on a Multipoint Sampling System: Concentrations, Components, and Numbers

Variation of Particles in the Exhaust Plume of Gasoline Direct Injection Vehicles Based on a Multipoint Sampling System: Concentrations, Components, and Numbers

Cost-Effectiveness of NO_X and VOC Co-operative Controls for PM_2.5 and O₃ Mitigation in the Context of China’s Carbon Neutrality

Quantifying the seasonal variations and regional transport of PM_2.5 in the Yangtze River Delta region, China: Characteristics, sources, and health risks

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Characterization and source analysis of water-soluble inorganic ionic species in PM2.5 during a wintertime particle pollution episode in Nanjing, China

Cited by 24 publications

References 74 publications

Variation of Particles in the Exhaust Plume of Gasoline Direct Injection Vehicles Based on a Multipoint Sampling System: Concentrations, Components, and Numbers

Variation of Particles in the Exhaust Plume of Gasoline Direct Injection Vehicles Based on a Multipoint Sampling System: Concentrations, Components, and Numbers

Cost-Effectiveness of NOX and VOC Co-operative Controls for PM2.5 and O3 Mitigation in the Context of China’s Carbon Neutrality

Quantifying the seasonal variations and regional transport of PM2.5 in the Yangtze River Delta region, China: Characteristics, sources, and health risks

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Cost-Effectiveness of NO_X and VOC Co-operative Controls for PM_2.5 and O₃ Mitigation in the Context of China’s Carbon Neutrality

Quantifying the seasonal variations and regional transport of PM_2.5 in the Yangtze River Delta region, China: Characteristics, sources, and health risks