Characterization and Reaction to Fire of Polymer Nanocomposites with and without Conventional Flame Retardants

Effect of processing conditions and lignin content on thermal, mechanical and degradative behavior of lignin nanoparticles/polylactic (acid) bionanocomposites prepared by melt extrusion and solvent casting

“…http Like other petrochemical-based plastics, PLA can be processed by various procedures such as injection molding, sheet extrusion, blow molding, and thermoforming [11]. In some previous studies about the use of extruded PLA in combination with cellulose nanocrystals or nanoclays [12][13][14], a twin-screw extruder was employed to obtain better dispersion of filler particles, providing sufficient dispersive mixing to break up the additive agglomerates. However, this process method has also some detrimental effects, especially for those bio-fillers derived from renewable resources (e.g., natural fibers, starches, proteins, celluloses) due to the unavoidable degradation of the bio-based reinforcements at high processing temperatures.…”

Microstructure and Indentation Behaviour of Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes‐Modified Thermoplastic Polyurethane Nanocomposites

“…[1] During the last decades a high number of reports about polymeric POSS nanocomposites partly reviewed [2,3] have been published by different authors also dealing with POSS-modified polyurethane (PU) materials. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Some contributions are available which give information about the bulk mechanical properties of POSS nanocomposites outside the deformation range of linear response such as stress-strain behaviour at tensile loading, [6,8,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19] flexural behaviour at three-point bending test [20,21] or fracture behaviour. [7,16,22] Incorporation of POSS molecules into PU leads to an improvement in elastic modulus [6,8] but a decreasing ductility, [6] which can be attributed to the attachment of rigid POSS molecules at the molecular level and the improved miscibility between the hard and soft segments.…”

Self-Extinguishing and Non-Drip Flame Retardant Polyamide 6 Nanocomposite: Mechanical, Thermal, and Combustion Behavior

“…However, materials incorporating nano-fillers alone have been found to fall short in flammability tests such as UL-94 [12,13]. On the other hand, combinations of nanoadditives and conventional flame retardants, such as intumescent fillers have shown potential synergistic effects and high performance in reducing total heat release, which equates to the highest UL-94 rating [6,9,[14][15][16].…”