Characterization and performance of rice husk as additive in green ceramic water filter fabricated by slip-casting

Abstract

<jats:sec> <jats:title content-type="abstract-subheading">Purpose</jats:title> <jats:p>The purpose of this study is to investigate the using of rice husk (RH) which is a green material derived from agricultural waste with the ability to absorb heavy metal. It has been used in wastewater treatment. In this research, a kaolin-based green ceramic water filter (CWF) incorporated with two different additives (RH and zeolite-based RH ash [RHA]) was successfully fabricated.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title content-type="abstract-subheading">Design/methodology/approach</jats:title> <jats:p>The weight ratio of kaolin:additive was varied (90:10, 80:20 and 70:30) and fabricated via the slip-casting technique. The green CWFs were dried (60°C for 1 h), followed by sintering (1,200°C).</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title content-type="abstract-subheading">Findings</jats:title> <jats:p>The green CWF of kaolin:RH with a weight ratio of 70:30 showed the best properties and satisfactory performance with a porous cross-section microstructure, highest porous area (4.58 µm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>), good structure, lowest shrinkage (8.00%), highest porosity (45.10%), lowest density (1.79 g cm<jats:sup>−3</jats:sup>), highest water absorption (55.50%) and hardness (241.40 Hv). This green CWF has also achieved good permeability (42.00 L m<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup>h<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>) and removal of the textile dye (27.88%). The satisfactory characterization and good textile dye removal performance (75.47%) were also achieved from green CWF with kaolin:zeolite at a weight ratio of 80:20.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title content-type="abstract-subheading">Research limitations/implications</jats:title> <jats:p>This research is focused on green CWF and zeolite at a certain amount with the specific characterization analysis methods.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title content-type="abstract-subheading">Practical implications</jats:title> <jats:p>The use of low-cost waste materials to treat dye wastewater from agricultural by-products/wastes sources in treating the dye will enhance the using of green material.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title content-type="abstract-subheading">Social implications</jats:title> <jats:p>Avoiding the waste sludge that can pollute the environment can create a health issue. The use of low-cost waste materials to treat dye wastewater from agricultural by-products/wastes sources in treating the dye can avoid the waste sludge that can pollute the environment and create serious health issue.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title content-type="abstract-subheading">Originality/value</jats:title> <jats:p>All the kaolin-based green CWFs incorporated with two different additives (RH and zeolite-based RHA) fabricated using a simple slip-casting technique have shown the potential to be used as a filter in wastewater treatment applications.</jats:p> </jats:sec>

Low-Cost Antibacterial Ceramic Water Filters for Decentralized Water Treatment: Advances and Practical Applications

“…Similarly, investigations into green ceramic water filters have incorporated rice husk and zeolite-based rice husk ash as additives within a kaolin-based matrix. Slip casting was employed due to its simplicity and ability to create filters with high porosity and satisfactory performance in removing textile dyes . Furthermore, the migration of fine particles inherent to slip casting has facilitated the production of multilayer glassy ceramic filters.…”

“…In this case, the ceramic material is cast in a planar configuration and undergoes drying and sintering processes, leading to the creation of a flat ceramic filter ( Figure 2 b). For instance, the slip-casting technique has been utilized in manufacturing ceramic water filters, as referenced in ref ( 27 ), using kaolin, rice husk, and zeolite as the primary materials. First, kaolin, rice husk, and zeolite are sieved to achieve a particle size of 25 μm for kaolin and 50 μm for rice husk and zeolite.…”

“…Slip casting was employed due to its simplicity and ability to create filters with high porosity and satisfactory performance in removing textile dyes. 29 Furthermore, the migration of fine particles inherent to slip casting has facilitated the production of multilayer glassy ceramic filters. By strategically altering the pore sizes in different layers, these filters can provide tailored filtration capabilities.…”

“…Ceramic filters composed of kaolin and zeolite have demonstrated impressive performance in eliminating textile dye, achieving a removal rate of up to 75%. 27 The excellent removal of textile dye is facilitated by the adsorption capabilities of zeolite, which is attributed to its negatively charged lattice structure that interacts with positively charged components of textile dye.…”