Characterization and performance of proton exchange membranes for direct methanol fuel cell: Blending of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) with charged surface modifying macromolecule

Study on synthesis and physical properties of charged surface modifying macromolecules with different end-capping materials for membrane applications

“…6. The figure shows that water uptake increased significantly from SPEEK to SPEEK/cSMMs blend membranes, which is in agreement with our earlier publications [6,7]. As for the effect of polyol, for a given endcapping agent of HBS, water uptake increases as the molecular weight of the polyol increases from DEG to PPG.…”

“…Among those SMMs, the charged SMM (cSMM) was synthesized to be incorporated in membranes for fuel cell applications [6,7]. The SMM synthesis consists of the following two steps: (I) reacting diisocyanate with polyol to form polyurethane prepolymer, and (II) end-capping of prepolymer with chemicals with appropriate functional groups to endow hydrophobic, hydrophilic or charged properties to the SMMs.…”

A novel direct methanol fuel cell with sol–gel flux phase

“…3 with the results of 1.26 × 10 −7 cm 2 s −1 and 8.15 × 10 −8 cm 2 s −1 , respectively. Both of them were decreased more than 90% com- pared with that of the liquid flux phase of 1 mol L −1 methanol and 1 mol L −1 H 2 SO 4 to Nafion 117 membrane [12]. This indicated that the methanol permeability of sol-gel flux phase is far lower than that of the liquid flux phase.…”

“…A diaphragm diffusion cell, as described in detail elsewhere [12,13], was used to determine the methanol permeability of the sol-gel flux phase. The apparatus consists of plastic compartments (A and B), which were separated by the Nafion 117 membrane with an effective area of 4.09 cm 2 and thickness of 1 mm.…”

Sulfonated fullerene in SPEEK matrix and its impact on the membrane electrolyte properties in direct methanol fuel cells

“…Few of the important ones namely sulfonated polyimide, sulfonated polyether ether ketone and sulfonated polyether sulfone [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]; synthetic polymers like polyvinyl alcohol [15] and bio-polymers like chitosan and sodium alginate [16][17][18] are used to develop membrane electrolytes for DMFCs. Literature reviews are available which explains in detail the properties of sulfonated polyether ether ketone (SPEEK) polymer for preparation of membrane electrolyte as a potential replacement for Nafion in DMFC due to its good chemical, thermal and mechanical stabilities in addition to its low cost.…”