Characterization and Neutralization of Arsenical-Based WWII Era Chemical Munition Fills

Morrissey, Kevin M.; Cheicante, Richard L.; Connell, Theresa R.; Creasy, William R.; Fouse, Janet C; Hulet, Melissa S.; Durst, H. D.; O’Connor, Richard J.; Forrest, Lucille P; Smith, P. Brian

doi:10.21236/ada455660

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…[23][24][25] This micro-scale approach to screening reaction chemistries has been successfully implemented in other studies investigating the chemical neutralization of CWA. [26][27][28][29][30] While CWA and reagent volumes were varied depending on the experiment, the basic procedure was the same throughout this study. The rusted iron and copper were added to represent the typical relative quantities of iron and copper present in the reaction vessel during typical EDS operations.…”

Section: 1mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This pH 7 buffer has been successfully used to determine residual HD in previous studie. 28,29 The pH 10 extraction buffer was prepared by adding 13.82±0.05 g of potassium carbonate and 8.40±0.05 g of sodium hydrogen carbonate into a one-liter class A volumetric flask containing approximately 500 mL of ASTM Type I deionized water. Once the solution warmed to room temperature, the solution was brought to the mark with deionized water.…”

Section: Preparation Of Reagents and Buffersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…24,25,28,29 The injection parameters, such as pressure pulse, post-injection dwell time, etc., were selected based on previous experience in our laboratory. 24,25,28,29 a These extraction conditions are based on a 2 mL neutralent volume. If the neutralent volume is changed, extraction solvent, buffer and KCl amounts need to be scaled accordingly.…”

Section: Analysis Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Force to Fail Reactions With Monoethanolamine: Application to the Explosive Destruction System

Morrissey¹,

Ruth²,

Sumpter³

2014

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Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY)XX-02-2014 REPORT TYPE DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENTApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ABSTRACTThe primary purpose of this effort was to determine the maximum loading of chemical warfare agents (CWA) which could be utilized and still meet the treatment goal under typical Explosive Destruction System (EDS) operating conditions. The intention was not to conduct an investigation into whether the reaction kinetics and product distribution change with increased agent loadings. The primary metric of success was the residual agent concentration remaining in the neutralent. GB was successfully neutralized to less than the treatment goal of 1 mg/L at loadings 3−5 times the typical GB loading of 10%. HD was successfully neutralized to less than the treatment goal of 50 mg/L at loadings 4−5 times the typical HD loading of 10%. VX was not reduced below the treatment goal of 1 mg/L under any of the conditions evaluated during this study. In the 1% VX loading experiments conducted at 60 °C for 6 h, the residual VX was approximately 3 times higher than the treatment goal. SUBJECT TERMS MonoethanoloamineForce The use of either trade or manufacturers' names in this report does not constitute an official endorsement of any commercial products. This report may not be cited for purposes of endorsement.This report has been approved for public release. The Explosive Destruction System (EDS) is a trailer-mounted containment vessel system designed to destroy chemical munitions with or without explosive components. The EDS employs explosive-shaped charges to detonate the munition burster and breach the munition wall exposing the chemical fill materiel. Once the fill materiel is exposed, chemical reagents are pumped into the EDS vessel, and the fill materiel is neutralized. In a recent report, throughput of munitions was cited as an area which could be improved. Increasing the amount of fill materiel neutralized during each run would be one way to increase throughput. This report summarizes efforts to determine the maximum amount of agent that can be neutralized and ...

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Section: 1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preparation Of Reagents and Buffersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analysis Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Force to Fail Reactions With Monoethanolamine: Application to the Explosive Destruction System

Morrissey¹,

Ruth²,

Sumpter³

2014

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“…Studies are also underway of the reactions and degradation of CW agents in the environment after exposure to materials such as concrete, landfills, and marine environments. ,− These types of reactions are important in the various complex matrices in the event of a CW agent release into the environment. Studies of the stability of CW agents in simple aqueous solutions have also been reported . A recent review by Churchill and co-workers provides the recent work on reactions in decontamination and environmental matrices …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaction of Nerve Agents with Phosphate Buffer at pH 7

Creasy

Fry²,

McGarvey³

2012

J. Phys. Chem. A

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Chemical weapon nerve agents, including isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate (GB or Sarin), pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate (GD or Soman), and S-(2-diisopropylaminoethyl) O-ethyl methylphosphonothioate (VX), are slow to react in aqueous solutions at midrange pH levels. The nerve agent reactivity increases in phosphate buffer at pH 7, relative to distilled water or acetate buffer. Reactions were studied using (31)P NMR. Phosphate causes faster reaction to the corresponding alkyl methylphosphonic acids, and produces a mixed phosphate/phosphonate compound as an intermediate reaction product. GB has the fastest reaction rate, with a bimolecular rate constant of 4.6 × 10(-3) M(-1)s(-1)[PO(4)(3-)]. The molar product branching ratio of GB acid to the pyro product (isopropyl methylphosphonate phosphate anhydride) is 1:1.4, independent of phosphate concentration, and the pyro product continues to react much slower to form GB acid. The pyro product has two doublets in the (31)P NMR spectrum. The rate of reaction for GD is slower than GB, with a rate constant of 1.26 × 10(-3) M(-1)s(-1) [PO(4)(3-)]. The rate for VX is considerably slower, with a rate constant of 1.39 × 10(-5) M(-1)s(-1) [PO(4)(3-)], about 2 orders of magnitude slower than the rate for GD. The rate constant of the reaction of GD with pyrophosphate at pH 8 is 2.04 × 10(-3) min(-1) at a concentration of 0.0145 M. The rate of reaction for diisopropyl fluorophosphate is 2.84 × 10(-3) min(-1) at a concentration of 0.153 M phosphate, a factor of 4 slower than GD and a factor of 15 slower than GB, and there is no detectable pyro product. The half-lives of secondary reaction of the GB pyro product in 0.153 and 0.046 M solution of phosphate are 23.8 and 28.0 h, respectively, which indicates little or no dependence on phosphate.

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Characterization and Neutralization of Arsenical-Based WWII Era Chemical Munition Fills

Cited by 2 publications

References 3 publications

Force to Fail Reactions With Monoethanolamine: Application to the Explosive Destruction System

Force to Fail Reactions With Monoethanolamine: Application to the Explosive Destruction System

Reaction of Nerve Agents with Phosphate Buffer at pH 7

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