Characterization and molecular evolution analysis of Periploca forrestii inferred from its complete chloroplast genome sequence

Abstract

<i>Periploca forrestii</i>, a medicinal plant of the family Apocynaceae, is known as an effective and widely used clinical prescription for the treatment of rheumatoid diseases. In this study, we de novo sequenced and assembled the completement chloroplast (cp) genome of <i>P. forrestii</i> based on combined Oxford Nanopore PromethION and Illumina data. The cp genome was 153,724 bp in length and had four subregions. Moreover, an 84,433-bp large single-copy (LSC) and a 17,731-bp small single-copy (SSC) were separated by 25,780-bp inverted repeats (IRs). The cp genome included 132 genes with 18 duplicates in the IRs. A total of 45 repeat structures and 183 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were detected. Codon usage showed a bias toward A/T-ending codons. A comparative study of Apocynaceae revealed that an IR expansion occurred on P. forrestii. The Ka/Ks values of eight species of Apocynaceae suggested that positive selection was exerted on <i>psaI</i> and <i>ycf2</i>, which might reflect specific adaptions to the <i>P. forrestii</i> particular growth environment. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Periplocoideae was a sister to Asclepiadoideae, forming a monophyletic group in the family Apocynaceae. This study provided an important <i>P. forrestii</i> genomic resource for future evolutionary studies and the phylogenetic reconstruction of the family Apocynaceae.