Characterization and modelling of a family of cyclone aerosol preseparators

Kenny, L.C.; Gussman, Robert A.

doi:10.1016/s0021-8502(96)00455-7

Cited by 109 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…For monitoring of external exposure, respirable particulates (PM 2.5 ) were collected on Gelman Teflon filters using small PM 2.5 GK2.05 cyclones, which have been designed and constructed for the EXPOLIS study by BGI ( Waltham, MA, USA ) (Kenny and Gussman, 1997;Jantunen et al, 1998 ). These personal samplers are equipped with a 2.5 -m particle size cut -off point attached to a battery -operated pump ( Buck IH, Orlando, Florida ).…”

Section: Personal Exposure Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personal exposures to PM2.5 and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their relationship to environmental tobacco smoke at two locations in Greece

Georgiadis

Stoikidou

Topinka

et al. 2001

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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In the context of a large -scale molecular epidemiology study of biomarkers of genotoxicity of air pollution, 24 -h mean personal exposures to airborne PM 2.5 ( particulate matter < 2.5 m ) and associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ( PAHs ) were measured in 194 non -smoking technical institute students living in the city of Athens, Greece ( an area with moderately high levels of air pollution ) and the nearby small town of Halkida anticipated to have lower pollution levels. Extensive information relevant to the assessment of long -term and recent exposure to PAH was obtained from questionnaires as well as a time ± location ± activity diary ( TLAD ) which was kept by all subjects during a 4 -day observation period. During the last 24 h of this period, subjects underwent personal exposure monitoring for PM 2.5 and PAH, while a sample of blood was donated at the end of this period. All subjects were monitored in this way twice; once during a winter season ( October ± February ) and once during the following summer season ( June ± September ) . Nine subjects with plasma cotinine levels above 20 ng / ml were considered as unreported smokers and excluded from the study. Winter PM 2.5 exposures were lower in Athens ( geometric mean 39.7 g / m 3 ) than Halkida ( geometric mean 56.2 g / m 3 ) (P < 0.001 ) , while there was no significant location difference during the summer ( Athens: geometric mean 32.3 g / m 3 , Halkida: geometric mean 32.9 g / m 3 ; P= 0.79 ) . On the other hand, PAH exposures ( sum of the eight carcinogenic PAHs ) were significantly higher in Athens than in Halkida during the winter ( Athens: geometric mean 8.26 ng / m 3 , Halkida: geometric mean 5.80 ng / m 3 ; P < 0.001 ) as well as during the summer ( Athens: geometric mean 4.44 ng / m 3 , Halkida: geometric mean 1.48 ng / m 3 ; P < 0.001 ) . There was a significant difference in the profile of the PAH exposures at the two locations, the proportion of lighter PAH ( benzo This difference appeared to be related to individual exposure to environmental tobacco smoke ( ETS ) , as indicated by ( a ) the correlation at the individual level between the CHRYS / BPer ratio and declared time of recent exposure to ETS as well as plasma cotinine levels, especially during the winter; ( b ) the parallel variation of the mean levels of all three markers ( declared ETS exposure, cotinine levels, CHRYS / BPer ratio ) among three subgroups of subjects ( Athens subjects who had lowest levels of all three markers; Halkida subjects other than those living in the institute campus area; and Halkida subjects living in the institute campus area who had the highest levels of all three markers ) . This demonstrates that ETS can have a distinctive effect on the PAH exposure profile of subjects exposed to relatively low levels of urban air pollution.

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Section: Personal Exposure Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personal exposures to PM2.5 and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their relationship to environmental tobacco smoke at two locations in Greece

Georgiadis

Stoikidou

Topinka

et al. 2001

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…The cyclone cutoff diameter calculated from the dried particles in this work was consistently larger than that modeled using Kenny and Gussman (1997). This effect may relate to the evaporation status of the droplets entering the cyclone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Future studies could use cyclone modeling (Kenny and Gussman 1997) and empirical measurements to further narrow the size distribution of the droplets. An Extra Sharp Cut design cyclone should be considered to provide a better cut but its higher pressure drop may limit its application in a nebulizer cyclone system.…”

Section: Summary and Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A cyclone is another type of inertial size separator that might be used to tailor the droplet distribution from a nebulizer, although its use for this purpose has been unreported in peer-reviewed literature. Kenny and Gussman (1997) introduced an empirical model to design round-entry cyclones, and more recent applications of this work have produced cyclones with cutoff sharpness approaching or equivalent to those of impactors Kenny et al 2004). The airborne particles or droplets collected in a cyclone are directed toward and accumulate in a grit pot.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Generation of Nanoparticles with a Nebulizer-Cyclone System

Sheehan

Peters

Cena

et al. 2009

Aerosol Science and Technology

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A cyclone was used to modify the droplet output with a threejet Collison nebulizer. The cyclone-nebulizer system was tested by producing ammonium fluorescein particles from a liquid suspension. The particle size distribution produced with the cyclone was smaller and narrower than that produced without the cyclone. Thus, the cyclone effectively removed the large droplets produced by the nebulizer. The nebulizer-cyclone system reduced the GSD of the output aerosol from 1.7 to 1.4. At the input pressures greater than 138 kPa, the concentration of 10-60 nm particles was greater with the cyclone than without the cyclone. These results are consistent with the shattering of large droplets within the cyclone and re-entrainment of these small secondary droplets. Optimization of the system using cyclone modeling to enhance the sharpness of cut, operational improvements, and decreased venting could maximize the output of tailored distributions of nanoparticles for various applications.

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“…[10][11][12][13] The KTL cyclone is a relatively new device intended for use as a personal monitor of PM 2.5 exposure using small, low-flow, quiet, lightweight, and portable sampling pumps. 14 In this study, we compare simultaneous 24-hr average PM 2.5 measurements made by the BGI, Inc. PQ200 FRM PM 2.5 (FRM) sampler, the HI, the KTL, and the MiniVol. This method comparison study augments previous evaluations of these non-FRM devices by comparing each to an FRM sampler over the range of 5-35 µg/m 3 , applying corrections for the buoyant effects of air on gravimetric measurements, and reporting on the correlation, precision, and systematic and proportional bias within and between the sampling methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Four Gravimetric Fine Particle Sampling Methods

Yanosky

MacIntosh

2001

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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A study was conducted to compare four gravimetric methods of measuring fine particle (PM 2.5 ) concentrations in air: the BGI, Inc. PQ200 Federal Reference Method PM 2.5 (FRM) sampler; the Harvard-Marple Impactor (HI); the BGI, Inc. GK2.05 KTL Respirable/Thoracic Cyclone (KTL); and the AirMetrics MiniVol (MiniVol). Pairs of FRM, HI, and KTL samplers and one MiniVol sampler were collocated and 24-hr integrated PM 2.5 samples were collected on 21 days from January 6 through April 9, 2000. The mean and standard deviation of PM 2.5 levels from the FRM samplers were 13.6 and 6.8 µg/m IMPLICATIONSBias in measurements of personal, indoor, and ambient air fine particle levels (PM 2.5 ) due to the sampling method may obscure relationships among personal, indoor, and ambient concentrations. The results from this intercomparison study show that the FRM (an ambient sampler), the HI (an indoor and ambient sampler), and the KTL (a personal sampler) provide comparable measures of PM 2.5 and can be used to evaluate ambient concentrations without substantial concern over bias in the results. The results indicate some concern about proportional bias in the measurements from the MiniVol. In some situations, the errors-in-variables problem with linear regression observed in this study may have important implications for determining regulatory equivalence of these PM 2.5 samplers.terms were 0.96 or greater between all pairs of samplers, and regression root mean square error terms (RMSE) were 1.65 µg/m 3 or less. These results suggest that the MiniVol will underestimate measurements made by the FRM, the HI, and the KTL by an amount proportional to PM 2.5 concentration. Nonetheless, these results indicate that all of the sampler types are comparable if ~10% variation on the mean levels and on individual measurement levels is considered acceptable and the actual concentration is within the range of this study (5-35 µg/m 3 ).

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Characterization and modelling of a family of cyclone aerosol preseparators

Cited by 109 publications

References 10 publications

Personal exposures to PM2.5 and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their relationship to environmental tobacco smoke at two locations in Greece

Personal exposures to PM2.5 and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their relationship to environmental tobacco smoke at two locations in Greece

Generation of Nanoparticles with a Nebulizer-Cyclone System

A Comparison of Four Gravimetric Fine Particle Sampling Methods

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