Characterization and modeling of postural steadiness in the elderly: a review

Prieto, Thomas; Myklebust, Joel B.; Myklebust, Barbara M.

doi:10.1109/86.242405

Cited by 137 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…The results of the present study show these motions cause greater difficulty in adjusting the centre of pressure, presumably because the motions are larger and faster. In response to a movement of the centre of mass, the centre of pressure is adjusted using postural control strategies (Murray et al 1967;Prieto et al 1993). Walking people are sensitive to changes in lateral velocity and take corrective stepping actions (Hof, 2008;Hof et al 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postural stability when walking: Effect of the frequency and magnitude of lateral oscillatory motion

Sari

Griffin

2014

Applied Ergonomics

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While walking on an instrumented treadmill, 20 subjects were perturbed by lateral sinusoidal oscillations representative of those encountered in transport: frequencies in the range 0.5 to 2 Hz and accelerations in the range 0.1 to 2.0 ms -2 r.m.s., corresponding to velocities in the range 0.032 to 0.16 ms -1 r.m.s. Postural stability was assessed from the self-reported probability of losing balance (i.e., perceived risk of falling) and the movements of the centre of pressure beneath the feet. With the same acceleration at all frequencies, the velocities and displacements of the oscillatory perturbations were greater with the lower frequency oscillations, and these caused greater postural instability. With the same velocity at all frequencies, postural instability was almost independent of the frequency of oscillation.Movements of the centre of pressure show that subjects attempted to compensate for the perturbations by increasing their step width and increasing their step rate.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postural stability when walking: Effect of the frequency and magnitude of lateral oscillatory motion

Sari

Griffin

2014

Applied Ergonomics

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“…The CoP is an indirect measure of postural sway and it is often used instead of CoM for simplicity of instrumentation [8]. The estimation of CoM, on the other hand, requires inverse dynamic analysis of a computerized multi-joint model driven by kinematic measurements using an integrated motion analysis system [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast Computational Analysis of Sway Area Using Center of Pressure Data in Normal Children and Children with Cerebral Palsy

Kim¹,

Ferdjallah²,

Harris³

2009

Am. J. Biomed. Sci.

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In this paper, we have developed an efficient method for real time computation of Center of Pressure (CoP) sway area using a fast search and sort based on a numerical approximation of the Green-Gauss method. In addition, we investigated the correlations among the velocity, acceleration, path length, sway area, and mean frequency of CoP signals during quiet standing in healthy children and in children with cerebral palsy. The Pearson correlation technique described the direction and strength of linear relationships among the CoP velocity, acceleration, and the standard metrics, such as CoP Root Mean Squared (RMS), CoP range, path length (PL), normalized path length (NPL), sway area (SA), normalized sway area (NSA), and mean frequency, respectively. Subjects were tested during eyes open and eyes closed trials to explore the significance of the visual input. Both RMS of CoP velocity and acceleration described strong correlations with NPL and NSA in the eye open test (r ≥ 0.728) and in the eye closed test (r ≥ 0.919) of normal children. Similar results were also observed in children with cerebral palsy in both eye tests. The correlation between the CoP velocity and NPL indicated that the CoP velocity metric can be considered as an indicator of NPL. Thus, the CoP velocity and CoP acceleration might be very useful as valid metrics because the real time feedback from online measurements in balance control assessment is often necessary. The described fast computation of the sway area by using CoP velocity and CoP acceleration provided valid metrics for CoP correlation analysis.

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“…Postural control under static conditions is usually called "postural steadiness," whereas the dynamic postural response to applied or volitional perturbations is called "postural stability" [1]. Dynamic posturography [2,3] has become an important tool for understanding standing balance in clinical settings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In other conditions, the visual input is removed instead by asking the subject to close his or her eyes. Participants are asked to stand quietly and steadily for three trials each of the following six conditions: (1) where is the maximum anterior sway angle in degrees during a trial, is the maximum posterior sway angle in degrees during the same trial, 12.5 is the limit of sway in degrees in the sagittal plane for normal stance, and 12.5° is assumed to be the limit of stability for a normal individual (found in section PO-5 of the appendix portion of the SmartEquitest system operator's manual [6]). However, this angle may vary depending upon the age, sex, mass, and height of the individual.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measures of postural stability

Chaudhry¹,

Findley²,

Quigley³

et al. 2004

JRRD

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Abstract-Dynamic posturography has become an important tool for understanding standing balance in clinical settings. A key test in the NeuroCom International (Clackamas, Oregon) dynamic posturography system, the Sensory Organization Test (SOT), provides information about the integration of multiple components of balance. The SOT test leads to an outcome measure called the "equilibrium score" (ES), which reflects the overall coordination of the visual, proprioceptive, and vestibular systems for maintaining standing posture. Researchers, therapists, and physicians often use the ES from the SOT as a clinically relevant measure of standing balance. We discuss here the formula used for evaluating the ES and propose an additional measure of postural stability, called the Postural Stability Index (PSI), that accounts for shear force and individual anthropomorphic measures. We propose that this new measure provides a clinically important adjunct to the current SOT and can be calculated from data already collected by the NeuroCom forceplate during the SOT.

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Characterization and modeling of postural steadiness in the elderly: a review

Cited by 137 publications

References 81 publications

Postural stability when walking: Effect of the frequency and magnitude of lateral oscillatory motion

Postural stability when walking: Effect of the frequency and magnitude of lateral oscillatory motion

Fast Computational Analysis of Sway Area Using Center of Pressure Data in Normal Children and Children with Cerebral Palsy

Measures of postural stability

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