Characterization and modeling of friction and wear: an overview

Abstract

In this age of virtual design, high-performance machines, and precise motion control, the abilityto characterize friction and wear processes and then to model and simulate them, becomes a pertinentissue. This communication gives a condensed overview of the generic characteristics of friction, thereafter,generic models, developed at KULeuven, PMA, are presented and discussed.with Leuven Air Bearings N.V. since Sept. 2010In regard to friction, both sliding and rolling are considered. The characterization concerns (i) therelationship between the friction (traction) force and the state of sliding of the system (displacement,velocity,…), at a given normal load; (ii) the relationship between the coefficient of friction and the normalload.As regards frictional behaviour in function of sliding (rolling) state, the main features are: (i) pre-sliding (prerolling) hysteresis and (ii) gross-sliding (rolling) dynamics. Models are presented that capture those featuresand relate them to the contact characteristics. Comparison with experimental results is also presented forthe main features. Secondly, the dependence of the coefficient of friction on the normal load is identifiedand modelled.Finally, regarding wear simulation, the generic friction model is extended to cater for an asperity populationthat changes during the lifetime of sliding. Based on fatigue considerations, asperities get broken after acertain number of contact cycles, and are replaced by smaller ones. With the aid of this model, we try tocorrelate energy dissipation with wear evolution, and support that by experimental observation.

Pengaruh Jenis Oli Pelumas terhadap Laju Keausan pada Kontak Dua Jenis Material

“…Gambar 1. Kondisi permukaan kontak [13] Keausan adalah proses berkelanjutan dimana material terdegradasi setiap siklus. Banyak cara yang dilakukan untuk mengukur wear resistance dan wear rate seperti wear measuring equpments, mathematical modeling, tribo-meters dan simulations.…”

On the Numerical Modeling of Friction Hysteresis of Conformal Rough Contacts

“…Friction hysteresis not only occurs in lubricated contacts but can also be experimentally observed in dry contacts [18], and it is argued by Al-Bender [19] that within dry contacts, friction hysteresis originates from a time dependency in the local adhesion coefficient between interacting asperities. Thus far, several studies have revealed the existence of friction hysteresis and have provided some correlation between friction hysteresis and system properties (e.g., load, velocity, viscosity, and inertia); however, (i) the influence of system parameters on friction hysteresis and (ii) the influence of roughness and surface texturing are still open questions.…”

A simplified model for friction compensation in precise feed drives

“…Another friction property is the hysteresis behavior presented by friction force as a function of displacement when the system start from zero velocity. The particular type of hysteresis exhibited by this presliding friction is rate-independent (Al-Bender and De Moerlooze, 2011). Additionally, it has non-local memory behavior, where the output at any time instant depends not only on any past value and the input history since then, but also on the past extremum values (Lampaert, 2003).…”