Characterization and mechanical properties of cladded stainless steel 316L with nuclear applications fabricated using electron beam melting

Segura, Ignacio; Mireles, Jorge; Bermudez, Diego; Terrazas, César; Murr, L. E.; Li, K.; Injeti, V.S.Y.; Misra, R.D.K.; Wicker, Ryan B.

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2018.04.026

Cited by 40 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…AM of metals can be achieved using a variety of processes, including electron beam melting, direct energy deposition with laser, and powder bed fusion-laser (PBF-L) AM. 8,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17] A wide variety of stainless steels (SSs) exist that can be processed using AM. Two common austenitic SSs that are processed using AM and traditional manufacturing methods are 304L SS (18Cr-8Ni-L C) and 316L SS (19Cr-9Ni-3Mo-L C).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion Characteristics of Laser-Engineered Net Shaping Additively-Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel

Stull

Hill

Lienert

et al. 2018

JOM

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The single-loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (EPR) test was used to quantify the degree of sensitization for 316L stainless steel (SS) produced by laser-engineered net shaping (LENS Ò) additive manufacturing (AM). EPR tests were also used to monitor how the sensitivity of the as-deposited and heat-treated AM material compared to wrought 316L SS. A solution-annealing heat treatment that recrystallized the material was also applied to AM-316L SS. The EPR tests showed that as-deposited AM-316L SS displayed low levels of sensitization. Heat-treated AM-316L SS demonstrated some improvements in resistance to corrosion, but overall did not perform as well as wrought 316L material. Optical micrographs of the AM-316L SS samples collected after conducting the EPR tests also showed localization in the asdeposited AM-316L SS material; however, these features were reduced after heat treatment, suggesting greater resistance to corrosion.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion Characteristics of Laser-Engineered Net Shaping Additively-Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel

Stull

Hill

Lienert

et al. 2018

JOM

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“…It illustrates the presence of columnar dendrites grown epitaxially from the substrate. Most of the columnar dendrites are discontinuous and elongated along the building direction [20]. The approximate interface region is highlighted with a dashed line.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results of the wire arc additive manufacturing processed 316L samples were compared with the minimum tensile properties required for American Iron and Steel Institute 316L mentioned in American society for testing and materials A240/A240M‐20a, Table 2. Significant enhancement in yield strength and ultimate tensile strength was reported in electron beam melted 316L (577 MPa and 800 MPa) [20]. From the published literature, the average tensile properties of additively manufactured stainless steel 316L are in the following range: Yield strength = 255 MPa–343 MPa, ultimate tensile strength = 583 MPa–692 MPa and percent of elongation = 28.42 %–56.24 %.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This type of microchemistry cannot be achieved by conventional manufacturing techniques [19]. The cladded stainless steel 316L over stainless steel 316L substrate using electron beam melting revealed excellent mechanical properties with strong metallurgical bonding [20]. Wire arc additive manufacturing based cladding process was successfully employed for depositing hard overlays of stellite 6 alloy over stainless steel 420 and low alloy high strength steel S355 plates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microstructural characterization and mechanical integrity of stainless steel 316L clad layers deposited via wire arc additive manufacturing for nuclear applications

Kannan¹,

Kumar²,

Pramod³

et al. 2021

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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The potential applications of stainless steel 316L components using wire arc additive manufacturing offers many benefits such as improved part complexity, higher deposition rate and less material waste. Microstructural examination indicates the strong interlayer bonding between cladded layers and was mainly austenitic with columnar and equiaxed dendrites while equiaxed grains with annealing twins were observed in the stainless steel 316L substrate. In the current study, we report that stainless steel 316L additively cladded via wire arc additive manufacturing exhibits a 11 % and 14 % increase in the yield strength and tensile strength, correspondingly in contrast to the stainless steel 316L substrate. The enhanced mechanical properties are attributed to the columnar structure and interlayer remelted peritectic growth. Hardness values were higher at the cladded layers compared to the interface and substrate. Interface sample failed in the substrate side and all samples exhibited ductile mode of fracture with fine dimples and micro voids. Wire arc additive manufacturing process can be employed for producing or repairing components with better mechanical properties and corrosion performance for elevated temperature environments including nuclear reactor applications.

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“…Good tribological properties, resistivity to corrosion, a moderate strength, as well as good deformability make stainless steel (SS) alloys a preferential candidate to be used in different applications, such as structural [1,2], biomaterial [3], photocatalytic [4], nuclear [5], and biomedical [6][7][8][9]. Ferritic stainless steels (FSS) and austenitic stainless steels (ASS) are the two main types of SS alloys that are extensively used: 430 SS and 304 SS are examples of ferritic and austenitic stainless steels (ASS), respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribological Characterization of Ni-Free Duplex Stainless Steel Alloys Using the Taguchi Methodology

Daraghma

Samad

Toor

et al. 2020

Metals

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Duplex stainless steels (DSSs) exhibit excellent corrosion resistance and are being used in a variety of industrial applications. Reducing/eliminating the amount of nickel in such alloys will contribute significantly to its economic viability. Moreover, a well-established wear behavior for these alloys is also an essential development in most of their applications. Hence, in this work, the Taguchi technique was effectively implemented to investigate the effect of operating factors such as sliding speed and applied load on the wear behavior of different compositions of nickel-free DSSs. It was observed that the composition had a higher contribution of 33.66% to the wear rate (WR) and the contribution of the sliding speed to the coefficient of friction (COF) was found to be 68.17%. With a good agreement, a regression model was also developed to predict the WR and COF within a certain range of factors. Wear tests have also shown that the developed nickel-free DSS is a promising candidate in terms of wear resistance as compared to austenitic stainless steels (ASS).

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Characterization and mechanical properties of cladded stainless steel 316L with nuclear applications fabricated using electron beam melting

Cited by 40 publications

References 29 publications

Corrosion Characteristics of Laser-Engineered Net Shaping Additively-Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel

Corrosion Characteristics of Laser-Engineered Net Shaping Additively-Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel

Microstructural characterization and mechanical integrity of stainless steel 316L clad layers deposited via wire arc additive manufacturing for nuclear applications

Tribological Characterization of Ni-Free Duplex Stainless Steel Alloys Using the Taguchi Methodology

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