Characterization and kinetic study on ammonia leaching of complex copper ore

Baba, Alafara A.; Ghosh, Malay Kumar; Pradhan, Sangitarani; Rao, D. Sreenivasa; Baral, Ayonbala; Adekola, Folahan A.

doi:10.1016/s1003-6326(14)63229-5

Cited by 46 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…From the figure 7, plotted below calculated activation energy is 23 KJ/mol. Which further confirm that the kinetics are chemical reaction controlled, as same has been predicted in other publications [10]. To predict the order of the overall reaction, rate equation controlled by chemical reaction has been applied to the conversion data for various ammonia and CO 2 concentrations at different time intervals.…”

Section: Reaction Kineticssupporting

confidence: 83%

Validation and Implementation of Cold Purification Cake Leaching in Ammoniacal Carbonate Solutions at Hindustan Zinc Hydro Refineries

Sombhatla¹

2018

AJPA

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As a part of regular purification process for zinc leachate, cold purification cake is being generated at Hindustan Zinc refineries. Since the cake is being accumulated as an inventory, a treatment process has been designed to recover the copper in house and utilize it as an activator in zinc flotation circuit. It majorly contains copper (30-40%) along with zinc (10-20%) and cadmium (2%). With confirmation to the above statement, photomicrographs of purification cake also confirmed the major presence of copper in metallic or oxidized form. In present work ammoniacal carbonate leaching of purification cake followed by solvent extraction using diketone based solvent has been studied under the influence of various parameters viz., temperature, agitation, pulp density, ammonia, CO 2 dosages, solvent concentration, and impact of w/s zinc on leaching and solvent extraction. Leaching kinetics determined based on shrinking core model. Chemical reaction at unreacted core was found to be the rate controlling step. The estimated activation energy was found to be 24 KJ/mol. Leached copper has been extracted by solvent extraction with a β diketone based solvent and is stripped with sulfuric acid as concentrated copper sulfate solution. The above established R&D findings are successfully implemented in the Commercial plant with a treatment capacity of two tons of cold purification cake per batch.

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Section: Reaction Kineticssupporting

confidence: 83%

Validation and Implementation of Cold Purification Cake Leaching in Ammoniacal Carbonate Solutions at Hindustan Zinc Hydro Refineries

Sombhatla¹

2018

AJPA

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“…Besides, Wu [21] reported that a large amount of the precipitate, such as CaSO 4 , will enrich on the surface of copper ore and prevent the metal dissolution in acid conditions. Baba [22] studied ammonia leaching of complex copper ore and the results revealed that under the leaching conditions of 125-212 µm, 120˝C, 1.29 mol/L and 202 kPa of oxygen partial pressure, about 83% Cu could be extracted in 2.5 h. Higher temperature, ammonia concentration and oxygen partial pressure could lead to a higher copper extraction; however, it may be not economical for low-grade ores. Being more selective and using lower reagent consumption, bioleaching using JAT-1 demonstrates a new and economical way for processing low-grade complex copper ore containing oxides and carbonates.…”

Section: Phase Transformation Of Copper Ore After Bioleachingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Heterotrophic Strain for Bioleaching of Low Grade Complex Copper Ore

Wang

et al. 2016

Minerals

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Abstract:A new heterotrophic strain, named Providencia sp. JAT-1, was isolated and used in bioleaching of low-grade complex copper ore. The strain uses sodium citrate as a carbon source and urea as a nitrogen source to produce ammonia. The optimal growth condition of the strain is 30˝C, initial pH 8, sodium citrate 10 g/L and urea 20 g/L, under which the cell density and ammonia concentration in the medium reached a maximum of 4.83ˆ10 8 cells/mL and 14 g/L, respectively. Ammonia produced by the strain is used as the main lixiviant in bioleaching. Bioleaching results revealed that higher strain growth led to a higher copper recovery, while higher pulp density will cause a greater inhibitory effect on strain growth and ammonia production. The copper extraction reached the highest value of 54.5% at the pulp density of 1%. Malachite, chrysocolla and chalcocite are easy to leach out in this bioleaching system while chalcopyrite is difficult. Results of comparative leaching experiments show that bioleaching using JAT-1 is superior to ammonia leaching at the same condition. The metabolites produced by the strain other than ammonia are also involved in bioleaching.

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“…A high supply of ammonia and very high solubility of such complexes [27] were responsible for exceptionally high concentrations of Cu in soil solutions (up to 669 mg L -1 ). The total content of Cu was the next significant factor that determined Cu concentrations in soil solutions obtained from SS-amended soils.…”

Section: +2mentioning

confidence: 99%