Characterization and in vitro biological effects of concentrated particulate matter from Mexico City

Vizcaya-Ruiz, Andrea De; Gutiérrez-Castillo, María Eugenia; Uribe-Ramírez, M.; Cebrián, Mariano E.; Múgica, V.; Sepulveda, Jose; Rosas, Irma; Salinas, Erika M.; García-Cuéllar, Claudia M.; Granados-Martínez, Francisco Gabriel; Alfaro-Moreno, Ernesto; Torres-Flores, Víctor; Osornio-Vargas, Álvaro; Sioutas, Constantinos; Fine, Philip M.; Singh, Manisha; Geller, Michael D.; Kühn, Thomas; Miguel, Antonio H.; Eiguren-Fernandez, Arantzazu; Schiestl, Robert H.; Reliene, Ramune; Froines, John R.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.12.073

Cited by 80 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…All data were comparable to the literature data reported for this region (51.72-187.13 µg/m 3 ) (Wang et al, 2006) and generally higher than that of Hong Kong (49.9-56.4 µg/m 3 ) (Duan et al, 2007). The measurements were also comparable to those of Beijing, China (76.9-126.5 µg/m 3 ) (Song et al, 2007), but were much higher than the data reported for other worldwide big cities such as New York, USA (10.73-15.48 µm/m 3 ) (Qin et al, 2006), Mexico City, Mexico (33.4-70.8 µm/m 3 ) (De Vizcaya-Ruiz et al, 2006), and European cities (7.5-22.6 µm/m 3 ) (Puustinen et al, 2007). The total concentrations of 12 trace metals in PM 2.5 in units of ng/m 3 are listed in Table 2.…”

Section: Trace Metal Analysissupporting

confidence: 46%

Chemical speciation of fine particle bound trace metals

Feng

Dang

Huang

et al. 2009

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

123

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ABSTRACT:This study reported quantifications of fine particle bound trace metals and their potential health risks for residents in Guangzhou, a rapidly developing and most populated city in South China. The fine particle samples were collected from October 29 th. to November 8 th. of 2006 at two different elevations in a mainly residential area and analyzed for the total concentration of aluminum, iron, zinc, lead, manganese, copper, arsenic, chromium, nickel, cadmium, molybdenum and cobalt. Results showed that the fine particle concentrations ranged from 95.8 µg/m 3 to 194.7 µg/m 3 at the ground and 83.3-190.0 µg/m 3 on the roof, which were much higher than the 24 h fine particle standard (35 µg/m 3 ) recommended by USEPA. The total concentrations of zinc, lead, arsenic, chromium and cadmium in fine particle were 504.8, 201.6, 24.3, 7.7 and 4.4 ng/m 3 , respectively, which were comparable to other major cities of China, but much higher than major cities outside of China. A sequential extraction procedure was used to fractionate these fine particle bound metals into four different fractions. Results indicated that most toxic metals were mainly distributed in bioavailable fractions. For instance, about 91 % of cadmium, 85 % of lead and 74 % of arsenic were in bioavailable forms. Risk calculations with a simple exposure assessment model showed that the cancer risks of the bioavailable fractions of arsenic, chromium and cadmium were 3 to 33 times greater than usual goal, indicating serious health risks to the residents in this urban area.

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Section: Trace Metal Analysissupporting

confidence: 46%

Chemical speciation of fine particle bound trace metals

Feng

Dang

Huang

et al. 2009

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

123

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“…In addition to in vivo acute toxicological tests, several in vitro bioassays have been developed and applied to explain the mechanisms of adverse effects caused by particulate matter. The dithiothreitol (DTT) assay is widely used to asses PM redox activity, utilizing the reduction of oxygen by dithiothreitol (Cho et al, 2005;DeVizcaya-Ruiz et al, 2006;Geller et al, 2006;Montiel-Dávalos et al, 2010;Verma et al, 2011). The formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is hypothesised to initiate oxidative stress in affected cells which in turn is associated with the development of many adverse health effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative assessment of ecotoxicity of urban aerosol

Turóczi

Hoffer

Tóth³

et al. 2012

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. In addition to its mass concentration, the health effects of urban particulate matter may depend on its particle size distribution and chemical composition. Yet air pollution regulations rely on exclusively bulk PM 10 concentration measurements, without regard to their potentially different health effects under different conditions. Aerosols from various sources are well known to contain a plethora of toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic or teratogenic constituents such as heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Extensive public health studies established the link between mass concentrations of PM 2.5 / PM 10 and health problems within the population. However, little is known about the relative importance of PM from different sources and the effect of seasonality on the toxicity. Here we present the application of a simple and sensitive method for the direct assessment of the overall ecotoxicity of various PM 2.5 / PM 10 samples collected on filters. The method is based on the Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition bioassay that has been standardized for solid samples, representing a relevant biological exposure route. Direct emission samples proved to be significantly more ecotoxic than photochemically processed aerosol, thus marked differences were observed between the ecotoxicities of urban PM 10 in summer and winter. These effects of urban PM 10 may be useful supplementary indicators besides the mass concentrations of PM 2.5 / PM 10 in cities.

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“…PM aerodynamic size is a relevant element when studying PM toxicity due to its variable ability to penetrate the respiratory system; fine particles can reach the deep regions of the lungs, whereas coarse PM may be deposited early within the nasal-pharyngeal passages of the airways. Fine PM potentially may owe the type and intensity of the toxic response to organic compounds, metals and other reactive chemical compounds, since several of those species can promote oxidative stress through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Tao et al, 2003;De Vizcaya et al, 2006). ROS can also damage cellular proteins, lipid, membranes, and DNA and PM exposure is also linked to inflammation through the generation of ROS, particularly those PM derived from combustion of fossil fuels (Nel, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%