Characterization and Impact of Physicochemical Parameters of Tannery Effluent on the Aquatic Environment

Abstract

One of India's oldest and fastest-growing sectors is tannery production. The tanneries produce various types of pollutants in the environment depending upon the procedure that has been used. The present study investigated the physicochemical parameters of tannery effluents and its impact on the aquatic environment. Tannery effluent contains a variety of hazardous compounds, including chromium, calcium, sodium, potassium, chloride, sulphate, electrical conductivity, colour, odour, pH, temperature, TSS and TDS. All physicochemical parameters was found higher [chromium 1.17-1.52 (1.327±0.132), calcium 800 (713.83±50.33), sodium 1805 (1634.83±75.06), potassium 38-112 (78.44±9.05), chloride 2330-4210 (3334.22±241.92), sulphate 830-1008 (952.17±15.06), EC 1148-2905 (2378.61±124.27), temperature 29.3-38.0 (31.21±1.45), TSS 710-1623, (1199.39±137.99), TDS 7049-8500 (7669.17±141.99), BOD 1060–1664 (1347.17±73.68), COD 3025-4982 (4029.83±163.56), TH 2200-3417 (2794.50±136.49) and only pH levels were lower 4.4-8.8 (7.01±0.491) in tannery effluent]. The high levels of heavy metals were analyzed that might become a major source of pollution which affect the aquatic environment. The management of tannery effluent's physicochemical parameters and its impact on the aquatic environment involves a combination of regulatory, technological, and educational approaches. It requires a multi-faceted effort to mitigate environmental harm while supporting the tanning industry's sustainable development.