Characterization and hazard evaluation of bottom ash produced from incinerated hospital waste

Gidarakos, Evangelos; Petrantonaki, Maria; Anastasiadou, Kalliopi; Schramm, Karl‐Werner

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.07.080

Cited by 89 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(22 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Incineration of medical waste converts the waste into essentially non-combustible solid residue or ash [1][2][3][4]. Other outputs include flue gas and heat.…”

Section: Incineration Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other outputs include flue gas and heat. The ash is mostly formed by the inorganic constituents of the waste, and may take the form of solid lumps or particulates that can also be carried by the flue gas [1,2,4]. Thus, the flue gases must be cleaned of gaseous and particulate pollutants before they are dispersed into the atmosphere.…”

Section: Incineration Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Analysis of Medical Waste Incinerator Performance Based on Fuel Consumption and Cycle Times

Manyele

Kagonji²

2012

ENG

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A detailed assessment of an incinerator based on fuel consumption and cycle time data is presented in this paper. The study was conducted at Temeke district hospital for 22 months consecutively covering 654 days of daily data collection on waste loading rate fuel consumption and cycle times. The composition for the medical waste incinerated varied between 15% and 35% for sharps waste and between 65% and 85% for other waste, with mean values of 25% and 75%, respectively. The results revealed poor performance of the incinerator due to higher fuel consumption (above 30 L/cycle). The incineration cycle times were observed to range between 2 and 4 hours, all of which were too high for the loading rates observed (55 -214 kg). A strong dependency of diesel oil consumption on cycle time was observed due to lack of temperature control leading to continuous fuel flow into the burners. The incineration capacity was very low compared to other incinerators in terms of tons per year. This paper gives an insight on the factors affecting incinerator performance assessed based on diesel oil consumption and cycle times. It can be generalized that the incinerator performance was poor due to several factors ranging from poor incinerator design, operator skills, waste management practices, waste storage practices, etc. The hospital was advised to install a new incinerator with short incineration cycle time (30 -40 minutes) and lower fuel consumption (10 L/cycle) at a loading rate of 200 kg/cycle.

show abstract

“…Incineration of medical waste converts the waste into essentially non-combustible solid residue or ash [1][2][3][4]. Other outputs include flue gas and heat.…”

Section: Incineration Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Incineration Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Medical Waste Incinerator Performance Based on Fuel Consumption and Cycle Times

Manyele

Kagonji²

2012

ENG

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Flue gas may have a high PCDD/F concentration and cause secondary air pollution (Coutinho et al, 2006). Even with good removal efficiency via air pollution control devices (APCDs), the PCDD/F content of fly ash waste medical incinerators is often much higher than that from MSW incinerators (Gidarakos et al, 2009;Wu et al, 2011). PCDD/Fs are nonpolar, poorly water-soluble, lipophilic, stable chemicals that are produced as byproducts and released into the environment in ultra-trace amounts from various combustion processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxin and Dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) Emission Behavior during Incineration of Laboratory Waste. Part 1: Emission Profiles Obtained Using Chemical Assay and Bioassay

Lin

Wang

et al. 2014

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study describes polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) behavior during the incineration of laboratory waste, including combustible laboratory solid waste (LSW), laboratory plastic waste (LPW), and organic laboratory liquid waste (LLW). Stack flue gas (SFG), input materials, bottom ash (BTA), first quenching tower ash (FQA), secondary quenching tower ash (SQA), and baghouse ash (BHA) were sampled and analyzed using high-resolution gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS) assay and bioassay. The PCDD/F concentration of SFG met the standard in Taiwan. The Cl levels of LPW and LLW were roughly equivalent to that of municipal solid waste (MSW). Therefore, the SFG concentration, content of fly ash, and distribution behavior of PCDD/Fs are reasonably similar to those of MSW incinerators. The LSW had an extremely high Cl level (11.4%). The emission factor of the whole incineration system was 888 µg I-TEQ/ton-waste, which is 10-fold higher than that of MSW. The PCDD/F was mainly in BTA (31.6 wt.%) and fly ash (63.1 wt.%), resulting in higher PCDD/F level of ashes compared with that of MSW ashes. Both HRGC/HRMS analysis and bioassay results show similar PCDD/F emission characteristics during the incineration of LW. In addition, the linear regression between the values acquired using these two methods show a good relation (R 2 > 0.84), indicating that Ad-DR bioassay is a promising fast-screen method for determining PCDD/F levels.

show abstract

“…Several factors that strongly affect the formation of PCDD/Fs were characterized. Copper and zinc are widely recognized as being efficient catalysts for the formation of PCDD/Fs (Chang and Chung 1998;Conesa et al 2011;Fujimori et al 2011;Gidarakos et al 2009;Hagenmaier et al 1987b). A higher copper concentration was found in the SeCu fly ash used in this study (260 mg/g) than has been found in MWI fly ash (0.3-4.6 mg/g) (Cains et al 1997).…”

Section: Quality Control and Assurancementioning

confidence: 53%

“…However, no simulation studies have yet been performed to investigate PCDD/F formation during SeCu processes. The chemical compositions and properties of SeCu fly ash and MWI fly ash are very different, so very different types of thermochemical reactions that could lead to the formation of PCDD/Fs may occur during the SeCu and MWI processes (Cobo et al 2009;Gidarakos et al 2009). The mechanisms that have been found for the formation of PCDD/Fs during MWI processes might not, therefore, perfectly explain the formation of PCDD/Fs during SeCu processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation and potential mechanisms of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans on fly ash from a secondary copper smelting process

Wang

Liu

Jiang

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Secondary copper smelting (SeCu) is widely considered to be an important source of polychlorinated dibenzop-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDDs and PCDFs; PCDD/Fs). Laboratory experiments were performed using SeCu fly ash as a matrix for thermochemical reactions to investigate the effects of fly ash on the formation of PCDD/Fs and the potential mechanisms. Thermochemical reactions on SeCu fly ash over a temperature range of 250-450°C and reaction times of 10-120 min caused the PCDD/F concentrations in the fly ash to increase significantly. The PCDD/F concentrations formed in the thermal reactions were about 99-139 times higher than the PCDD/F concentrations in the original fly ash, clearly indicating that fly ash promoted the formation of PCDD/Fs. The PCDFs dominated the PCDDs, and the PCDF/PCDD concentration ratio was about 30-40. Octachlorodibenzofuran ( O C D F ) , o c t a c h l o r o d i b e n z o -p -d i o x i n , a n d t h e heptachlorodibenzofurans were the most dominant homologs that were formed. A comparison of the PCDD/F patterns produced in the thermochemical reactions and the patterns in the original fly ash suggested that the chlorination of less chlorinated PCDFs might be an important pathway in the formation of higher chlorinated furans. The results of this study indicated that SeCu fly ash has a high PCDD/F formation potential. It is crucial to have the fly ash filter at low temperature and that fly ash in the cooling system should be minimized.

show abstract

Characterization and hazard evaluation of bottom ash produced from incinerated hospital waste

Cited by 89 publications

References 23 publications

Analysis of Medical Waste Incinerator Performance Based on Fuel Consumption and Cycle Times

Analysis of Medical Waste Incinerator Performance Based on Fuel Consumption and Cycle Times

Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxin and Dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) Emission Behavior during Incineration of Laboratory Waste. Part 1: Emission Profiles Obtained Using Chemical Assay and Bioassay

Formation and potential mechanisms of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans on fly ash from a secondary copper smelting process

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About